{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:11:00Z","timestamp":1781539860247,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore risk factors related to positive single and multi\u2010organism stone cultures and their association with postoperative complications in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects\/Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review was performed on 293 PCNL patients with stone cultures at a single academic institution between January 2017 and March 2023. Data collection encompassed demographics, comorbidities, operative details and postoperative outcomes. Chi\u2010square and ANOVA with Tukey B post hoc tests were employed. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent outcomes. Significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Positive stone cultures were seen in 56% of patients and cultures with multiple organisms were seen in 25% of patients. Female sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.007), preoperative nephrostomy tubes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) and longer surgical durations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) were more likely to have positive cultures. Significant associations were observed between positive cultures and postoperative fever (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.007), readmissions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.020), stone recurrence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.002) and multidrug resistance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.016) with no difference between single\u2010 and multi\u2010organism culture groups. Positive cultures were independently associated with higher odds of readmission (OR\u2009=\u00a04.31;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.03) and stone recurrence (OR\u2009=\u00a02.89;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.005). Additionally, calcium phosphate and struvite stones were associated with positive cultures (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive stone cultures (single or multi\u2010organism) predicted adverse postoperative outcomes including fever, readmission and recurrence. Patients with multi\u2010organism stone cultures were more likely to have stone recurrences within 6\u00a0months, suggesting the need for closer follow\u2010up and more comprehensive antibiotic therapy. These findings emphasize the role of stone culture status in guiding risk stratification and tailored prophylactic strategies, particularly in patients with multi\u2010organism stone cultures who have multidrug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:14:32Z","timestamp":1767338072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of negative, single and multi\u2010organism positive cultures on outcomes following PCNL"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8181-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katya","family":"Hanessian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4935-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Albaghli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Crew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Sajdak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ala'a","family":"Farkouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sikai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8434-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Jhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zham","family":"Okhunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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