{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:45:00Z","timestamp":1777628700273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011928","name":"Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Klinische Krebsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n There is no information regarding challenges faced by European urology residents in starting a family. The aim of this study was to examine pregnancy and parenting experiences and policies during urology residency, identify regulatory gaps and provide recommendations for standardized European guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A cross\u2010sectional English\u2010language electronic survey targeted urology residents and young urologists across Europe. The 44\u2010item, self\u2010administered survey was pilot\u2010tested and iteratively revised with European Society of Residents in Urology (ESRU) board members. Data were collected between August and October 2024 from ESRU, the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the European School of Urology (ESU) via mailing lists and social media platforms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n From 387 respondents, 237 (61%) were females and 255 (66%) were residents. Written policies on pregnancy and parenthood management were reported by 112 (29%) respondents. Formal discussions on pregnancy and parenting were reported to be absent from 319 (82%) respondents, though 228 (59%) agreed about their importance. Among 250 non\u2010childbearing participants, parenthood was postponed due to fears of missing training opportunities in 130 (92%) female versus 76 (86%) male respondents and due to fears of missing career opportunities in 122 (86%) female versus 62 (70%) male respondents. Concerns about falling behind peers in training were present in 119 (84%) female versus 58 (66%) male respondents (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Across all participants, 283 (87%) and 277 (85%) supported adjusting residency working and training schedules, respectively, upon return to work to ensure the completion of residency requirements. Both male and female respondents strongly endorsed standardized European guidelines on pregnancy and parenting in urology residency.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This survey highlights the significant barriers to family planning in European urology residency. Fear of career setbacks and training disruptions drives parenthood delays. Standardized policies are needed to support residents while maintaining training requirements and career progression during pregnancy and parenthood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:18:42Z","timestamp":1775024322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Barriers to pregnancy and parenthood during urology residency across Europe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5472-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Afferi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Kantonsspital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Morphological Science Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Urology Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5311-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaelle","family":"Margue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'urologie, Department of Urology Bordeaux University Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Toribio\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Moncloa University Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belle M.","family":"Melsert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology) Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loic","family":"Baekelandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Goujon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Rennes University Hospital Rennes France"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Rennes University Hospital Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ozalevli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Urology Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7901-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Checcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery FPO\u2010IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute Candiolo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gugerli Lazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Universit\u00e4tsspital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Siech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura S.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology) Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Liatsikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital of Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhaskar K.","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pradere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology UROSUD, La Croix Du Sud Hospital Quint\u2010Fonsegrives France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Whitburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Kantonsspital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Ph\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Tenon Academic Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Division of Trauma Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the European Society of Residents in Urology (ESRU)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-022-00961-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldv007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Data\u2014OECD [Internet]. [cited 2023 Sept 11]. Available from:https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/gender\/data\/the\u2010proportion\u2010of\u2010female\u2010doctors\u2010has\u2010increased\u2010in\u2010all\u2010oecd\u2010countries\u2010over\u2010the\u2010past\u2010two\u2010decades.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"NHS Digital.Medical and Dental Staff by Gender Specialty and Grade AH2667 [Internet]. [cited 2023 Sept 11]. Available from:https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data\u2010and\u2010information\/find\u2010data\u2010and\u2010publications\/supplementary\u2010information\/2019\u2010supplementary\u2010information\u2010files\/medical\u2010and\u2010dental\u2010staff\u2010by\u2010gender\u2010specialty\u2010and\u2010grade\u2010ah2667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.2399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Work\u2010Life Balance\u2014Employment Social Affairs and Inclusion [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 12]. Available from:https:\/\/employment\u2010social\u2010affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\u2010and\u2010activities\/rights\u2010work\/labour\u2010law\/working\u2010conditions\/work\u2010life\u2010balance_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2023.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48083\/JHEK4332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.6392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.3301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","article-title":"Pregnancy and parenthood in surgical training: a cross\u2010sectional survey in the UK","author":"Whitburn J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-13-00154.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Paternity and parental leave policies across the European Union\u2014assessment of current provision","author":"European Commission: Directorate\u2010General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"SurveyMonkey: The World's Most Popular Free Online Survey Tool [Internet]. SurveyMonkey. [cited 2023 Oct 29]. Available from:https:\/\/www.surveymonkey.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-023-00762-x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Weiterbildungs\u2010 und Arbeitsbedingungen urologischer \u00c4rztinnen und \u00c4rzte in Weiterbildung in Deutschland","volume":"60","author":"Arnold H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1373-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-017-9436-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2215288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.29345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.1835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182111120"}],"container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bco2.70181","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bco2.70181","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bco2.70181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:55:50Z","timestamp":1777427750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bco2.70181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bco2.70181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bco2.70181","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-4526","2688-4526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-4526","type":"print"},{"value":"2688-4526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70181"}}