{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:11:14Z","timestamp":1790604674191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To synthesize existing biomarker literature and generate a framework for meaningful comparison between five commonly used diagnostic prostate cancer biomarkers\u2014prostate health index (\n                      <jats:italic>phi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), 4KScore, SelectMDx, ExoDx and MyProstate Score (MPS)\u2014to provide evidence of greatest practical value to providers managing men with an elevated prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) who are considering prostate biopsy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten biomarker characteristics reflecting\n                      <jats:italic>validity<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>usability<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>utility<\/jats:italic>\n                      were designated as most clinically salient in guiding diagnostic prostate cancer biomarker selection. Whereas\n                      <jats:italic>usability<\/jats:italic>\n                      reflects how well a biomarker individualizes risk and optimizes patient concerns,\n                      <jats:italic>utility<\/jats:italic>\n                      reflects a biomarker's clinical usefulness. A systematic review of the biomarker literature from 2010 to 2022 was performed, and the criteria for each biomarker characteristic were first inductively defined and subsequently determined for each respective biomarker.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nearly all biomarkers possess wide\n                      <jats:italic>validity<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with\n                      <jats:italic>phi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 4KScore and MPS validated in Black populations. Compared to other biomarkers, 4KScore had the best\n                      <jats:italic>usability<\/jats:italic>\n                      . For urine\u2010based biomarkers, the better\n                      <jats:italic>usability<\/jats:italic>\n                      of ExoDx versus MPS is offset by its worse\n                      <jats:italic>validity<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>utility<\/jats:italic>\n                      . All serum\u2010based biomarkers have very high discriminative accuracy and were consequently more accurate in detecting high\u2010grade prostate cancer versus urine\u2010based biomarkers. Overall, 4KScore had the best\n                      <jats:italic>utility<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our framework enables meaningful comparison of diagnostic prostate cancer biomarkers using criteria most salient to patients and clinicians. We demonstrate that the 4KScore currently possesses the best overall features; despite emerging evidence, more clinical utility, comparative and non\u2010White population validation studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.70275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:37:03Z","timestamp":1790062623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing diagnostic prostate cancer biomarkers using a framework of clinically meaningful criteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital\/Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4378-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnam","family":"Nabavizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital\/Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Milton and Carroll Petrie Department of Urology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Davuluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital\/Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenny R.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital\/Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital\/Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Feiertag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2562-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim C.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital\/Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2017.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2018.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-017-0008-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0052-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2016.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00660-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.113"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"The 4Kscore\u00ae test reduces prostate biopsy rates in community and academic urology practices","volume":"17","author":"Konety B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-0237-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"MPS.LynxDx. 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