{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:49:16Z","timestamp":1791971356148,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the temporal association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis and subsequent development of penoscrotal conditions including priapism, phimosis, epididymo\u2010orchitis, testicular torsion and paraphimosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A propensity\u2010matched retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Adult males with HIV (B20) were matched 1:1 to controls on age and race. Outcomes were assessed over a 10\u2010year follow\u2010up period using the Cox proportional hazards model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following matching, cohort sizes ranged from 48\u2009615 to 65\u2009423 patients per group. HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly increased rates of priapism (HR 1.892, 95% CI 1.115\u20133.210,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0162), phimosis (HR 2.364, 95% CI 1.631\u20133.428,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and epididymo\u2010orchitis (HR 2.346, 95% CI 2.116\u20132.602,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). No significant association was observed for testicular torsion (HR 1.579, 95% CI 0.756\u20133.295,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2200). Paraphimosis could not be evaluated in the corrected analysis due to insufficient data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly elevated rates of priapism, phimosis and epididymo\u2010orchitis, while no significant association was observed for testicular torsion. These findings are hypothesis\u2010generating, and prospective studies with more granular clinical data are needed to confirm and characterize these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.70291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1791968525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between human immunodeficiency virus\u00a0diagnosis and risk of penoscrotal conditions in adult males: A propensity\u2010matched retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7734-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein A.","family":"Zolfaghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Division Rutgers\u2010New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Nanotkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Division Rutgers\u2010New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3879-5002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Riestra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Division Rutgers\u2010New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2279-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Division Rutgers\u2010New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diba","family":"Atar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Alwaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Division Rutgers\u2010New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01381-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era","volume":"9","author":"Collazos J","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS 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