{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:33:10Z","timestamp":1793295190033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moxifloxacin is a priority drug for treating rifampicin\u2010resistant tuberculosis (RR\u2010TB). We assessed the pharmacokinetics of a child\u2010friendly, dispersible 100 mg tablet moxifloxacin formulation (dispersed in water) compared to the standard 400 mg non\u2010dispersible formulation (crushed and suspended in water) in children and evaluated current dosing recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CATALYST trial investigated the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in children with RR\u2010TB. Children were enrolled in South Africa, India and the Philippines. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken while children were taking the standard non\u2010dispersible 400 mg moxifloxacin tablet formulation and repeated after switching to the novel dispersible formulation. Pharmacokinetic data were analysed using population pharmacokinetic modelling. Simulations were performed to evaluate moxifloxacin exposures in children compared to consensus adult reference exposures using current World Health Organization (WHO)\u2010recommended doses and more recent model\u2010based doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010six children were enrolled [median age 4.8 (range 0.4\u201315) years and weight 15.6 (range 6.9\u201342.1) kg]. A two\u2010compartment disposition model with first\u2010order elimination and delayed absorption was developed. The bioavailability of dispersible versus standard formulations fulfilled standard bioequivalence criterion (ratio 1.05 with 90% confidence interval 0.95\u20131.15). Simulations showed WHO\u2010recommended doses achieved exposures similar to those in adults in children &gt;10 kg, while children &lt;10 kg may require 33%\u201356% higher doses to reach adult reference exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dosing recommendations for children can be the same for the dispersible paediatric and standard non\u2010dispersible adult moxifloxacin formulation. The current WHO dosing recommendation risks underdosing moxifloxacin in children &lt;10 kg. We propose optimized moxifloxacin doses for both formulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T03:25:27Z","timestamp":1739762727000},"page":"1853-1864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Population pharmacokinetics and dosing of dispersible moxifloxacin formulation in children with rifampicin\u2010resistant tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2534-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0547-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanxi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke C.","family":"Hesseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3584-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louvina","family":"van der Laan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-1130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarti A.","family":"Kinikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B.J. Government Medical College  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naresh","family":"Sonkawade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B.J. Government Medical College  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9843-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandar","family":"Paradkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2010Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site  Pune India"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases in India Johns Hopkins India  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vandana","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2010Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site  Pune India"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases in India Johns Hopkins India  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dessa Jean O.","family":"Casalme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De La Salle Health Sciences Institute  Dasmarinas The Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melchor V. G.","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De La Salle Health Sciences Institute  Dasmarinas The Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9070-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubbe","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-8297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats O.","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Denti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0093-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin M.","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Garcia\u2010Prats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. 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