{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:02:03Z","timestamp":1787169723664,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012260","name":"Calgary Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20213796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20213796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily broad\u2010spectrum micronutrients are being used by the general public and formulations are receiving research interest in mental health settings. Despite concerns about combining medicines and broad\u2010spectrum micronutrients in mental health care, there have not been any formal evaluations of potential interactions. Our objective was to evaluate a broad\u2010spectrum micronutrient formula as a potential precipitant of pharmacokinetic drug\u2013drug interactions through inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a single\u2010centre pharmacokinetic study. Twelve healthy participants received broad\u2010spectrum micronutrients for 14\u2009days (Days 1\u201314). Participants were administered a \u2018cocktail\u2019 of selective CYP probes midazolam 2\u2009mg (CYP3A), dextromethorphan 30\u2009mg (CYP2D6), losartan 25\u2009mg (CYP2C9), omeprazole 20\u2009mg (CYP2CI9) and caffeine 100\u2009mg (CYP1A2) on Day 0 and Day 14, before taking and while taking broad\u2010spectrum micronutrients. Plasma drug concentrations were measured at baseline and for 8\u2009h following cocktail administration. AUC,\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      were compared before and after broad spectrum micronutrient administration using paired\n                      <jats:italic>t\u00ad<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre\u2010 and post\u2010micronutrient geometric means (SD) for AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u20108h<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u03bcg*h\/L) were: midazolam 25 (13) and 26 (14),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60; dextromethorphan 25 (99) and 19 (110),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.46; losartan 219 (105) and 205 (76),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20; omeprazole 474 (394) and 402 (342),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009016; and caffeine 13\u2009800 (5400) and 12\u2009800 (3500),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.79. There were no statistically significant changes in geometric means of probe\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      , or\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      for any of the study drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Broad\u2010spectrum micronutrients are unlikely to be a major precipitant of pharmacokinetic drug\u2013drug interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:06:31Z","timestamp":1740528391000},"page":"1987-1995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of a broad\u2010spectrum micronutrient formulation 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