{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:53:25Z","timestamp":1779306805450,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prednisone is a widely used glucocorticoid in the treatment of lupus, although its dosing is often determined empirically. Prednisolone, the active metabolite of prednisone, is found in its free form in the serum. The goal of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to forecast free prednisolone concentrations and its association with disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 66 active SLE patients (adults and children) were included, and followed up prospectively (242 observations available). Plasma prednisolone concentrations were assessed using liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry, and the data were analysed using Monolix software. The pharmacokinetic model was a one\u2010compartment open model with absorption lag time representing the delay for both absorption and metabolism from inactive (prednisone) to active form (prednisolone). This model predicted free concentrations, which were then used to calculate total concentrations based on established binding constants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free prednisolone clearance (CLu\/F) and volume of distribution (Vu\/F) were scaled allometrically to body weight. The typical population estimates (95% confidence interval) were 54 (48\u201362) L\/h\/70\u2009kg and 235 (203\u2013274) L\/70\u2009kg, respectively. Additionally, the bioavailability parameter was found to decrease non\u2010linearly with the dose. Prednisolone cumulative exposure was not different between patients who responded at 3\u00a0months and those who did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Robust pharmacokinetic targets are not yet clearly defined regarding toxicity or efficacy and are warranted in order to make a valuable contribution to prednisolone therapeutic drug monitoring in the context of SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:59:03Z","timestamp":1748048343000},"page":"2854-2864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Population pharmacokinetic modelling of prednisolone in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Analysis of exposure and disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na\u00efm","family":"Bouazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Pharmacologie et \u00e9valuations des th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte  Paris France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Necker Cochin AP\u2010HP  France"},{"name":"CIC\u20101419 Inserm, Cochin\u2010Necker  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Semeraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Pharmacologie et \u00e9valuations des th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte  Paris France"},{"name":"CIC\u20101419 Inserm, Cochin\u2010Necker  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Pharmacologie et \u00e9valuations des th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte  Paris France"},{"name":"CIC\u20101419 Inserm, Cochin\u2010Necker  Paris France"},{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre  France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9o","family":"Froelicher\u2010Bournaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Pharmacologie et \u00e9valuations des th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte  Paris France"},{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre  France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Choupeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Necker Cochin AP\u2010HP  France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2045-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Marc","family":"Treluyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Pharmacologie et \u00e9valuations des th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte  Paris France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Necker Cochin AP\u2010HP  France"},{"name":"CIC\u20101419 Inserm, Cochin\u2010Necker  Paris France"},{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre  France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihem","family":"Benaboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Pharmacologie et \u00e9valuations des th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte  Paris France"},{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre  France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Terzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Children's Unit University Hospital Hautepierre  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hachulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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