{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:52:21Z","timestamp":1781563941541,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011000","name":"Mission Interminist\u00e9rielle de Lutte Contre les Drogues et les Conduites Addictives","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to characterize adverse events and deaths associated with the use of psychoactive substances in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two French Addictovigilance databases were analysed: spontaneous reports and deaths over the period 2016\u20132021, in subjects aged 10\u2013&lt;18\u2009years. An unsupervised classification was implemented on consumption data (medications or nondrug substances [NDS]) to identify subject clusters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1544 spontaneous reports were analysed, comprising mainly boys (65.6%), aged on average 16\u2009\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0years. Four clusters were identified: The <jats:italic>cannabinoids users<\/jats:italic> cluster (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0597) was typified by the use of cannabis or\/and synthetic cannabinoids (95.1%), with psychiatric (67.7%) and digestive disorders (16.7%). The <jats:italic>medications\/solvents\/cannabidiol users<\/jats:italic> cluster (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0699) was distinguished by the use of medications or NDS including nitrous oxide\/cannabidiol, with mainly neurological disorders (46.5%). The <jats:italic>polydrug users<\/jats:italic> cluster (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0177) includes polyusers (98.3%) of NDS and medications. These users mainly have substance use disorders (63.8%). The <jats:italic>psychotropic medications users<\/jats:italic> cluster (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a071) was characterized by the use of psychotropic medications. This cluster appeared to be correlated with psychiatric and organic disorders. The death database recorded 44 deaths, mainly in boys (61.4%) aged over 15\u2009years. The main substances involved in the deaths were NDS (70.5%) and methadone. In 68.2% of cases, a single substance was responsible for the death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The adverse events related to the abuse of psychoactive substances identified in children and adolescents and the emerging signals show the need for increased surveillance and the implementation of prevention campaigns adapted to each group of consumers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T10:48:09Z","timestamp":1749725289000},"page":"2957-2968","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contribution of Addictovigilance data to assess adverse\u2010events linked to psychoactive substances in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Peyri\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Montpellier University Hospital  France"},{"name":"INSERM U 1058 Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections (PCCI)  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Batisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre AP\u2010HP (Paris Public Hospitals)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie Fouilh\u00e9","family":"Sam\u2010La\u00ef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Grenoble\u2010Alpes University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1922-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Daveluy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Bordeaux University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fournier\u2010Choma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Clermont\u2010Ferrand University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Deheul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Lille University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Lyon University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Marseille University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Gibaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Nancy University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Aquizerate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Nantes University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Pain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Poitiers University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3510-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Jouanjus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictovigilance Centre Toulouse University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Christine","family":"Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Information Department Montpellier University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Nogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Information Department Montpellier University Hospital  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/adolescent-mental-health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France.Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les jeunes en France et dans certains pays \u00e0 revenus \u00e9lev\u00e9s.2019. file:\/\/\/F:\/articles%20en%20cours\/etudes%20mineurs\/239088_spf00001315.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs (ESPAD) report 2019.http:\/\/www.espad.org\/espad-report-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Drug use in French 17\u2010years\u2010old. analysis of the 2022 Escapad survey.https:\/\/www.ofdt.fr\/BDD\/publications\/docs\/eftxof2d3.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2015011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2019.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.31398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/terminology\/who_ladt\/fr\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13070990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14812"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"S27","article-title":"The concise guide to pharmacology 2021\/22: G protein\u2010coupled receptors","volume":"178","author":"Alexander SPH","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2022.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010016\u20100689\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11782218231166622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2020.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2023.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472\u20108206.2010.00882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.639780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"S157","article-title":"The concise guide to pharmacology 2021\/2022: ion channels. Voltage\u2010gated calcium channels","volume":"178","author":"Alexander SPH","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2021.1892719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxac.2020.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2021.106999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"Les usages des substances psychoactives chez les coll\u00e9giens et lyc\u00e9ens: r\u00e9sultats ENCLASS 2022.Les usages de substances psychoactives chez les coll\u00e9giens et lyc\u00e9ens (ofdt.fr)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1167746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11120962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","first-page":"S374","article-title":"The concise guide to pharmacology 2023\/24: transporter","volume":"180","author":"Alexander SPH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3917\/psyt.233.0105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2023.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2023.03.008"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bcp.70133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:31:22Z","timestamp":1758871882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bcp.70133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bcp.70133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bcp.70133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]}}}