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The aim was to assess, for the first time, the pharmacokinetic variability of lamivudine and tenofovir in Papua New Guinean (PNG) HIV\/AIDS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For 121 PNG HIV\/AIDS patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (300\u2009mg lamivudine, 300\u2009mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 600\u2009mg efavirenz, single tablet once daily), age, body weight, sex and serum creatinine concentrations data were recorded. Plasma lamivudine and tenofovir concentrations were simultaneously quantified by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association of demographic covariates and kidney function with plasma lamivudine and tenofovir concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excluding 9 patients with plasma lamivudine and tenofovir concentrations below the lower limits of quantitation, median (range) plasma lamivudine and tenofovir concentrations were 188 (15.5\u20131099) and 64.4 (15\u2013251) ng\/mL, respectively, and were highly correlated (Spearman \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.75,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Twenty\u2010seven percent of patients had plasma tenofovir concentrations below the therapeutic range. Less than 5% of the interindividual variability in concentrations was explained by age, body weight and sex. In 29 patients with serum creatinine data collected within 4\u2009days of plasma for lamivudine and tenofovir concentrations, there were no significant associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance and tenofovir (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&gt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.8) or lamivudine (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&gt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.4) concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A specific, precise and accurate method was validated for the simultaneous quantitation of tenofovir and lamivudine in human plasma and was successfully applied to PNG HIV\/AIDS patients to reveal large and correlated interpatient variability in tenofovir and lamivudine exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T12:33:38Z","timestamp":1754138018000},"page":"3412-3421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lamivudine and tenofovir pharmacokinetic variability in people with HIV in Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Bordin","family":"Andriguetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6261-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Thomas","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School La Trobe University Bendigo Campus  Bendigo Australia"},{"name":"Holsworth Initiative for Medical Research, Rural People  Bendigo Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pumuye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Laboratory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Papua New Guinea  National Capital District Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Alexander","family":"Somogyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Western Pacific Region.2020. 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