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We describe a patient with\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia (PJP) in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who received dolutegravir, tenofovir and lamivudine while undergoing venous\u2013venous (VV\u2010) ECMO. Initial therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during VV\u2010ECMO revealed 9.6\u2010fold lower dolutegravir, 1.5\u2010fold lower tenofovir and 1.7\u2010fold higher lamivudine exposure as compared to reference populations. Our findings support considerations for pre\u2010emptive dose intensification for dolutegravir and tenofovir in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/AIDS undergoing ECMO to ensure adequate antiretroviral treatment. The case is illustrative for the clinical pharmacological challenges faced in critically ill patients with HIV\/AIDS undergoing ECMO and provides guidance for future cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:34:31Z","timestamp":1768703671000},"page":"1487-1492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir, tenofovir and lamivudine during venous\u2013venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV\u2010ECMO): A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom C.","family":"Zwart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Haga Teaching Hospital  The Hague Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiel","family":"Leegwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Haga Teaching Hospital  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Ottens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Haga Teaching Hospital  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emile F.","family":"Schippers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Haga Teaching Hospital  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik B.","family":"Wilms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Haga Teaching Hospital  The Hague Netherlands"},{"name":"Apotheek Haagse Ziekenhuizen  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7279-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"van Nieuwkoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Haga Teaching Hospital  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth B. 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