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This study investigated the impact of early chemotherapy discontinuation on treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used a target trial emulation framework to conduct a causal analysis of the all\u2010cause mortality impact of completing a standard course of chemotherapy. Early\u2010stage breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in England between 01\/01\/2014 and 31\/12\/2015 were identified from the National Disease Registration Service and Systemic Anti\u2010Cancer Therapy datasets. Five\u2010year OS was estimated for patients completing greater than or equal to six chemotherapy cycles relative to discontinuing chemotherapy early (less than six cycles), representing standard treatment during the study period. A clone\u2010censor\u2010weight approach was used to account for time\u2010related bias and baseline confounding. Absolute risk and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 10\u2009253 patients were included: 68% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097014) received greater than or equal to six chemotherapy cycles, and 32% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093239) received fewer than six cycles. Individuals completing greater than or equal to six cycles showed superior 5\u2010year OS compared with discontinuation less than six cycles (absolute risk difference \u22121.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], \u22123.2, \u22120.1; HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74, 0.98). Subgroup analyses showed OS benefit in patients diagnosed at stage 2 relative to Stage 3 (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69, 0.98), ER+\/HER2+ histology (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24, 0.96) and Non\u2010White ethnicity (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34, 0.91) when receiving six cycles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who completed greater than or equal to six cycles showed improved OS compared with those who discontinued before receiving six cycles. These findings support the identification and pre\u2010emptive management of patients at high risk of discontinuing chemotherapy prematurely, to maximize treatment benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:12:41Z","timestamp":1773029561000},"page":"2272-2283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Completion\n                    <i>vs<\/i>\n                    . early discontinuation of chemotherapy and the impact on 5\u2010year all\u2010cause mortality in women treated for early\u2010stage breast cancer from 2015 to 2020: A cohort study using a target trial emulation approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6759-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Steventon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL School of Pharmacy  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE)  London UK"},{"name":"University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengsheng","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL School of Pharmacy  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K. 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