{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:19:51Z","timestamp":1787822391226,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AI\u201030025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AI\u201030025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oseltamivir is a commonly used neuraminidase inhibitor for treatment of influenza infection, but little data exist regarding concentration\u2010response relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pharmacokinetic (PK) and viral dynamic data from an earlier NIAID Collaborative Antiviral Study Group trial in paediatric patients with influenza from 0\u201323\u2009months of age were used to create a PK model linked to an influenza viral dynamic model. Population PK parameters were used to perform broad dose\u2010ranging simulations to determine the oseltamivir carboxylate exposure required to achieve 95% of maximum viral suppression (EC\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). PK parameters of interest included the oseltamivir carboxylate steady\u2010state 12\u2010h area\u2010under\u2010the\u2010curve (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 12\u2010h trough concentration (C\n                      <jats:sub>12h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). AUC\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      and C\n                      <jats:sub>12h<\/jats:sub>\n                      results were related to the time\u2010averaged area under the log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      viral load\u2010time curve from Day 0 to Day 5 minus the baseline viral load (AAUCMB) using a maximum effect model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 373 plasma samples for oseltamivir and 382 plasma samples for oseltamivir carboxylate from 78 infants were included. The median age and weight at the time of PK sampling were 8\u00a0months and 8\u00a0kg, respectively. Sixty\u2010two babies with measured influenza viral loads over the course of treatment (12\u2009days,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u2009239) were included in the viral dynamic modelling. The modelled EC\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      for AUC\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      and C\n                      <jats:sub>12h<\/jats:sub>\n                      were 2710\u2009ngxh\/mL and 179\u2009ng\/mL, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population pharmacokinetic modelling can be directly linked to viral dynamic outcomes and through simulations, dose\u2010ranging studies performed to identify target drug exposures. This approach could be used as a surrogate when concentration\u2010response data do not exist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T03:05:10Z","timestamp":1779764710000},"page":"3214-3222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oseltamivir drug\u2010disease modelling in infants with influenza virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kimberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J.","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward P.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study 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