{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:13:08Z","timestamp":1783671188337,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ceftriaxone is a widely used third\u2010generation cephalosporin in hospitalized patients. Although generally considered safe, it has been associated with hepatobiliary complications and emerging reports of drug\u2010induced liver injury (DILI). However, data on its true incidence, phenotypic patterns, and predictors remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, characterize clinical phenotypes, and identify risk factors for ceftriaxone\u2010induced liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult hospitalized patients who received intravenous ceftriaxone between February 2023 and February 2024. DILI was defined according to predefined biochemical criteria, with additional low\u2010threshold criteria for early detection. Liver injury phenotypes were classified using the R ratio, and severity was graded according to Drug\u2010Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 739 patients, 244 (33.0%) developed low\u2010threshold liver test abnormalities, and 143 (19.4%) met biochemical criteria for DILI. Cholestatic injury was the predominant phenotype (46.2%), followed by hepatocellular (29.4%) and mixed patterns (24.5%). Mild and moderate abnormalities occurred in 24.1% and 14.9% of patients, respectively, whereas severe and life\u2010threatening abnormalities were observed in 7.2% and 7.0%. Longer treatment duration (\u22656\u00a0days), proton pump inhibitor use, and higher baseline alkaline phosphatase were independently associated with increased odds of DILI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ceftriaxone use was associated with a substantial burden of liver test abnormalities, including clinically meaningful elevations. Careful patient selection, limiting treatment duration, and routine liver monitoring may help mitigate DILI risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T07:18:01Z","timestamp":1783667881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ceftriaxone\u2010induced liver injury: Incidence, phenotypic characterization and predictive factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hatem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohannad N.","family":"AbuHaweeleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humam Emad","family":"Rajha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mhd Osama","family":"Rahhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Department on Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Naseralallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Hamad bin Khalifa Medical City Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"900","article-title":"Ceftriaxone: a third\u2010generation cephalosporin","volume":"19","author":"Nahata MC","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drug Intell Clin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13100921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201075728\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharma2040025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi\u20102019\u20100026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Side Effects of Drugs Annual","author":"Phillips SR","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102710.2011.01321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2022.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Ceftriaxone. 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