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To investigate this trend, many studies have utilized low\u2010dose CBD paradigms in healthy volunteers and patient populations. Here, we review the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and safety of low\u2010dose CBD (\u22642.5\u2009mg\/kg or \u2264175\u2009mg\/day). PK studies using low\u2010dose, oral CBD (all included PK studies \u2264150\u2009mg) showed that peak (\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and total exposure (area under the curve [AUC]) were 5\u2010 to 100\u2010fold lower than a typical 20\u2009mg\/kg dose of Epidiolex. PD studies showed very little evidence of physical or neurological effects of low\u2010dose CBD in healthy volunteers. Drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs) with \u03949\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol, amitriptyline, and hydromorphone were observed at low doses (10, 30, 50, 60, 100\u2009mg), which may have implications for patients who are co\u2010administering non\u2010prescription CBD with other medications. In randomized controlled trials, there was no evidence that low\u2010dose CBD ameliorated any of the endpoints measured in patients with Parkinson's, Crohn's, pain, fibromyalgia, stress, ocular hypertension or psoriasis. In sleep disorders (sleep duration, 160\u2009mg), alcohol use disorder (alcohol craving and impaired control, 150\u2009mg\/day CBD\u2009+\u20090.41\u2009mg\/day THC) and multiple sclerosis (timed walk test and pain, 80\u2009mg\/day), CBD improved a small selection of endpoints, but consistent changes were not observed across related endpoints and trials. No studies reported serious adverse events associated with low\u2010dose CBD, which was well tolerated. In conclusion, low doses of CBD show very little evidence of any biological effect or therapeutic value.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T03:16:14Z","timestamp":1784517374000},"page":"3301-3315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of low\u2010dose cannabidiol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5507-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William George","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Artelo Biosciences Ltd.  Cheshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myles","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Artelo Biosciences Ltd.  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