{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:40:25Z","timestamp":1778643625190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biopharm &amp; Drug Disp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The assessment of skin uptake and clearance are important to determine the efficiency and systemic safety of dermatological formulations. The objective of this study was to assess the skin uptake, clearance and possible systemic delivery of ciclopirox following topical application in Wistar rats. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> studies (3\u2009h) were carried out in excised pig skin to assess the permeation and retention capacity of ciclopirox in skin layers using gel formulations (1% and 2% w\/v). <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> dermatopharmacokinetics (DPK) parameters were determined by measuring the drug levels in the skin as a function of time post application (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2\u2009h) and post removal (3, 4, 6 and 8\u2009h) of the formulation in Wistar rats. The plasma drug concentrations were also determined in the same animals. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> data indicate the low permeability and high retention of ciclopirox in the stratum corneum. The DPK data observed indicate a higher <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> value (175.43\u2009\u00b1\u200925.62\u2009\u00b5g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>AUC<\/jats:italic> (632.14\u2009\u00b1\u2009102.26\u2009\u00b5g.h\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) with the 2% (w\/v) gel formulation. Further, the skin elimination of ciclopirox follows first order kinetics with a short half\u2010life (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub> ~2\u2009h). The fraction of drug reaching the systemic circulation was found to be significantly low (~0.15% of the applied dose). A relation between the drug concentration in the skin layers and the plasma was observed with a short lag period. The topical availability of ciclopirox was found to be relatively low and endured rapid clearance with minimal systemic uptake. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.1866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:25:35Z","timestamp":1381544735000},"page":"540-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Skin uptake and clearance of ciclopirox following topical application"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Anroop B.","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy King Faisal University  Al\u2010Ahsa KSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. 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