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The pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) data were obtained from 11 patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery, classified as ASA III. Propofol was administered by a target\u2010controlled infusion system. Fentanyl 2\u20133\u2009\u00b5g\/kg was given whenever insufficient analgesia occurred. The bispectral index (BIS) was used to monitor the depth of anesthesia. A population PK\/PD analysis with a non\u2010linear mixed\u2010effect model (NONMEM 7.2 software) was conducted. Two\u2010compartment models satisfactorily described the PK of propofol and fentanyl. The delay of the anesthetic effect in relation to PK was described by the effect compartment. The BIS was linked to propofol and fentanyl effect\u2010site concentrations through an additive <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> model. Context\u2010sensitive decrement times (CSDT) determined from the final model were used to assess the influence of fentanyl on the recovery after anesthesia. The population PK\/PD model was successfully developed to describe simultaneously the time course and variability of propofol and fentanyl concentrations and BIS. Additive propofol\u2013fentanyl interactions were observed and quantitated. The duration of the fentanyl infusion had minimal effect on CSDT when it was shorter than the duration of the propofol infusion. If the fentanyl infusion was longer than the propofol infusion, an almost two\u2010fold increase in CSDT occurred. Additional doses of fentanyl administered after the cessation of the propofol infusion result in lower BIS values, and can prolong the time of recovery from anesthesia. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T06:59:38Z","timestamp":1458370778000},"page":"252-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol and fentanyl in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery \u2013 a study of pharmacodynamic drug\u2013drug interactions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2878-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Wiczling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical 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