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The study utilized an <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> rabbit intestinal perfusion technique to determine vildagliptin oral absorption from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending colon. This was conducted both with and without perfusion of metformin or verapamil. The findings revealed that the vildagliptin absorptive clearance per unit length varied by site and was in the order as follows: ileum\u00a0&lt;\u00a0jejunum\u00a0&lt;\u00a0duodenum\u00a0&lt;\u00a0ascending colon, implying that P\u2010gp is significant in the reduction of vildagliptin absorption. Also, the arrangement cannot reverse intestinal P\u2010gp, but the observations suggest that P\u2010gp is significant in reducing vildagliptin absorption. Verapamil co\u2010perfusion significantly increased the vildagliptin absorptive clearance by 2.4 and 3.2 fold through the jejunum and ileum, respectively. Metformin co\u2010administration showed a non\u2010significant decrease in vildagliptin absorptive clearance through all tested segments. Vildagliptin absorption was site\u2010dependent and may be related to the intestinal P\u2010glycoprotein content. This may aid in understanding the important elements that influence vildagliptin absorption, besides drug\u2013drug interactions that can occur in type 2 diabetic patients taking vildagliptin in conjunction with other drugs that can modify the P\u2010glycoprotein level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1708772062000},"page":"71-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>In situ<\/i> evaluation of the impact of metformin or verapamil coadministration with vildagliptin on its regional absorption from the rabbit\u2019s intestine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-7210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Elmeniar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Delta 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