{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:32:52Z","timestamp":1765805572697},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]],"date-time":"2006-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1139356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4605,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biopharm &amp; Drug Disp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A series of three\u2010way crossover randomized studies were conducted to evaluate the absolute bioavailability of butorphanol, a potent agonist\u2010antagonist analgesic, from transnasal, sublingual, and buccal disk formulations in order to identify a practical alternative to oral administration. In each study, healthy male volunteers received 2 mg doses of butorphanol tartrate intravenously and either transnasally, sublingually or buccally. Serial blood samples were collected over 12 h and butorphanol plasma concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The plasma concentration data were subjected to non\u2010compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The elimination half\u2010life of butorphanol was about 3\u20135 h and was independent of the route of administration. Absorption of butorphanol following transnasal administration was faster than that observed following sublingual or buccal administration. Mean absolute bioavailabilities of sublingual tablet and buccal disk formulation were only 19 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively, but for transnasal administration the value rose significantly, to 70 per cent. Based on the results of these studies, transnasal dosage form of butorphanol was selected for further clinical trials of treatment of moderate to severe pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510140503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,14]],"date-time":"2006-10-14T09:10:58Z","timestamp":1160817058000},"page":"371-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Biopharmaceutical evaluation of transnasal, sublingual, and buccal disk dosage forms of butorphanol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wen Chyi","family":"Shyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Mayol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Pittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Gammans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmi H.","family":"Barbhaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03006021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"Butorphanol and Morphine: A double\u2010blind multiple intramuscular dose comparative safety and efficacy study in patients with post\u2010operative pain","volume":"21","author":"Lippmenn N.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1976203359"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03006816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"Double\u2010blind comparison of butorphanol, a new parenteral analgesic, and meperidine in the treatment of post\u2010operative pain","volume":"22","author":"Comunale F. L.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1975185part1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057600400408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"266","article-title":"Analgesic evaluation of butorphanol in patients with post\u2010operative wound pain","volume":"19","author":"Bauer R. O.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. West Pharmacol. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"A double\u2010blind clinical evaluation of butorphanol and pentazocine in the alleviation of pain following gynecological therapy","volume":"23","author":"Carter R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"The pharmacology of butorphanol, a 3, 14\u2010dihydroxymophinan narcotic antagonist analgesic","volume":"22","author":"Pircio A. W.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances","author":"Caruso F. S.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600750307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600691037"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600741022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600690211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1201\/b14095","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetics","author":"Gibaldi M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"230","article-title":"Disposition of parenteral butorphanol in man","volume":"8","author":"Gaver R. C.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Disposit."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1970111112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600750306"}],"container-title":["Biopharmaceutics &amp; Drug Disposition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdd.2510140503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdd.2510140503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T07:18:03Z","timestamp":1695885483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdd.2510140503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdd.2510140503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdd.2510140503","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-2782","1099-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-2782","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-081X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}}}