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Astaxanthin is a natural carotenoid, possessing extraordinary anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010platelet aggregation qualities. The aim of this study was to investigate the superlative effects of astaxanthin\u2010hydrogel to inhibiting the cyclooxygenase\u20102 in comparison to celecoxib and its cardiac side\u2010effects, specifically platelet aggregation. Induction of rheumatoid arthritis was accomplished by type\u2010II\u2010collagen\/Complete Freund's adjuvant followed by a booster dose of Incomplete Freund's adjuvant and confirmed by arthritic score calculation, CRP and ACCPA tests. Astaxanthin\u2010hydrogel was subcutaneously injected into the neck and back of arthritic Wistar rats in comparison to oral\u2010celecoxib. Cyclooxygenase\u20102 inhibitory activity was observed by rat ELISA kit and platelet aggregation was monitored by optical chrono\u2010log aggregometer. Results were compared by statistical analysis, executed through IBMM SPSS. The anti\u2010inflammatory activity of 20\u00a0mg\/week astaxanthin\u2010hydrogel to inhibiting the cyclooxygenase\u20102 for 6\u00a0weeks in arthritic wistar rats was found more effective in comparison to 20\u00a0mg\/day celecoxib. Continued use of 40\u00a0mg\/day celecoxib for 8\u00a0weeks has been seen involved with platelet aggregation, whereas the regimen consisting of 20\u00a0mg\/week astaxanthin\u2010hydrogel administered with 20\u00a0mg\/d celecoxib for 8\u00a0weeks was observed with no platelet aggregation. Celecoxib monotherapy was found associated with a little risk of platelet aggregation, whereas along with astaxanthin\u2010hydrogel, no platelet aggregation was found. Notably, astaxanthin\u2010hydrogel was significant to suppress the cyclooxygenase\u20102 in comparison to celecoxib.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:48:23Z","timestamp":1772988503000},"page":"78-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cyclooxygenase\u20102 Inhibition and Anti\u2010Platelet Aggregation Activity of Astaxanthin\u2010Hydrogel in Comparison to Celecoxib Against Rheumatoid Arthritis in Wistar Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2523-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anzeela","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaira","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quindeel","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taimoor","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeeha Shahzad","family":"Lodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iffat","family":"Nayila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus  Sargodha Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2023.100432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2975"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.0800.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ott.s197044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206776055949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmp048288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.616219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149\u20102918(00)80005\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","volume-title":"Overview in Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates","author":"Griffiths R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta B. 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