{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:52:34Z","timestamp":1792889554282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of cleft lip with or without cleft palate cases appear as an isolated, nonsyndromic entity (NSCLP). With the advent of next generation sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES) has been used to identify single nucleotide variants and insertion\/deletions which cause or increase the risk of NSCLP. However, to our knowledge, there are no published studies using WES in NSCLP to investigate copy number changes (CNCs), which are a major component of human genetic variation. Our study aimed to identify CNCs associated with NSCLP in a Honduran population using WES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>WES was performed on two to four members of 27 multiplex Honduran families. CNCs were identified using two algorithms, CoNIFER and XHMM. Priority was given to CNCs that were identified in more than one patient and had variant frequencies of less than 5% in reference data sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>WES completion was defined as &gt;90% of the WES target at &gt;8\u2009\u00d7\u2009coverage and &gt;80% of the WES target at &gt;20\u2009\u00d7\u2009coverage. Twenty\u2010four CNCs that met our inclusion criteria were identified by both CoNIFER and XHMM. These CNCs were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Pedigree analysis produced three CNCs corresponding to<jats:italic>ADH7, AHR<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>CRYZ<\/jats:italic>segregating with NSCLP. Two of the three CNCs implicate genes,<jats:italic>AHR<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>ADH7<\/jats:italic>, whose known biological functions could plausibly play a role in NSCLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>WES can be used to detect candidate CNCs that may be involved in the pathophysiology of NSCLP. Birth Defects Research 109:1257\u20131267, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T07:26:39Z","timestamp":1501140399000},"page":"1257-1267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Copy Number Changes Identified Using Whole Exome Sequencing in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Honduran Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Medical Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karynne 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