{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T02:29:08Z","timestamp":1746152948888,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital malformations are a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, and risk for some congenital malformations varies by socioeconomic status (SES). Medicaid provides health insurance for people with low income, and covers approximately half of all live births in the United States. Income level is one aspect of SES. Studies have shown relationships between SES and some congenital malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study examined associations between maternal Medicaid recipient status and 46 congenital malformations in New York State for birth year 2010. The impact of Medicaid continuous enrollment (CE) status was evaluated in a sub\u2010analysis of Medicaid recipients. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort included 240,721 live births, 3778 infants with one or more congenital malformation of interest, and 118,631 maternal Medicaid recipients at the time of the infant's birth. Odds ratios for cleft lip with or without cleft palate and rectal atresia or stenosis were increased for Medicaid recipients compared with non\u2010Medicaid recipients. However, odds ratios for cleft lip with or without cleft palate and rectal atresia or stenosis were decreased for CE compared with non\u2010CE Medicaid recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal Medicaid recipient status was associated with few of the 46 congenital malformations evaluated. However, some associations found were modified by CE in Medicaid. Birth Defects Research 109:1460\u20131470, 2017.\u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T14:44:46Z","timestamp":1504709086000},"page":"1460-1470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal Medicaid Recipient Status and Congenital Malformations among New York State Live Births in 2010"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra D.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raina E.","family":"Josberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.22.1.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6602a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Update on overall prevalence of major birth defects \u2013 Atlanta, Georgia, 1978\u20102005","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2015.10 leading causes of death by age group United States \u2013 2013.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/pdf\/leading_causes_of_death_by_age_group_2013\u2010a.pdf. 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Accessed March 2 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health.2004.New York State Medicaid program comprehensive Medicaid case management (CMCM) billing guidelines version 2004 \u2010 1.https:\/\/www.emedny.org\/ProviderManuals\/CMCM\/PDFS\/UB92NR\u2010CMCM_Billing.pdf. Accessed March 2 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health.2005.New York State Medicaid program managed care reference guide: encounter data submissions (MEDS II) version 2005 \u2010 1 (04\/01\/05).https:\/\/www.emedny.org\/ProviderManuals\/ManagedCare\/PDFS\/ManagedCare\u2010EncounterData.pdf. Accessed March 2 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health.2012.Congenital Malformations Registry statistical summary of children born in 2008 and diagnosed through 2010.https:\/\/www.health.ny.gov\/diseases\/congenital_malformations\/2008\/index.htm. 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