{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:11:52Z","timestamp":1788318712282,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]],"date-time":"2017-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FP7 Euratom EU project CEREBRAD","award":["295552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["295552"]}]},{"name":"Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Effects Induced by Low Dose Ionising Radiation"},{"name":"SCK\u2022CEN\/KU Leuven"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both epidemiological and animal studies have previously indicated a link between in utero radiation exposure and birth defects such as microphthalmos, anophthalmos, and exencephaly. However, detailed knowledge on embryonic radiosensitivity during different stages of neurulation is limited, especially in terms of neural tube defect and eye defect development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the most radiosensitive stage during neurulation, pregnant C57BL6\/J mice were X\u2010irradiated (0.5 Gy or 1.0 Gy) at embryonic days (E)7, E7.5, E8, E8.5, or E9. Next, the fetuses were scored macroscopically for various defects and prenatal resorptions\/deaths were counted. In addition, cranial skeletal development was ascertained using the alcian\u2010alizarin method. Furthermore, postnatal\/young adult survival was followed until 5 weeks (W5) of age, after X\u2010irradiation at E7.5 (0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy, or 1.0 Gy). In addition, body and brain weights were registered at adult age (W10) following X\u2010ray exposure at E7.5 (0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several malformations, including microphthalmos and exencephaly, were most evident after irradiation at E7.5, with significance starting respectively at 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy. Prenatal mortality and weight were significantly affected in all irradiated groups. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up of E7.5 irradiated animals revealed a reduction in survival at 5 weeks of age after high dose exposure (1.0 Gy), while lower doses (0.5 Gy, 0.1 Gy) did not affect brain and body weight at postnatal week 10.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>With this study, we gained more insight in radiosensitivity throughout neurulation, and offered a better defined model to further study radiation\u2010induced malformations and the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T15:18:16Z","timestamp":1511968696000},"page":"467-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A detailed characterization of congenital defects and mortality following moderate X\u2010ray doses during neurulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Craenen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK\u2022CEN, Boeretang 200 Mol 2400 Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464 Leuven 3000 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Verslegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK\u2022CEN, Boeretang 200 Mol 2400 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Buset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK\u2022CEN, Boeretang 200 Mol 2400 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Baatout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK\u2022CEN, Boeretang 200 Mol 2400 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieve","family":"Moons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464 Leuven 3000 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abderrafi","family":"Benotmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK\u2022CEN, Boeretang 200 Mol 2400 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mev022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Developmental abnormalities induced by X\u2010irradiation in p53 deficient mice","volume":"16","author":"Baatout S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2002.3.1.7","article-title":"Dose\u2010incidence relationships on the prenatal effects of gamma\u2010radiation in mice","volume":"3","author":"Bang D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2005.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01275210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0085-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Study of adolescents exposed in utero to the atomic bomb, Nagasaki, Japan. 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