{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:02:33Z","timestamp":1773856953984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of gastroschisis has been increasing in the United States (US) since 1980s. Genital infection with <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> has also been increasing in prevalence, particularly among younger women. The etiology of gastroschisis is unknown. Ongoing research suggests multiple causal factors may be involved, including <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection in mothers during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using birth certificate data from 2014 US vital records, we conducted a population\u2010based case\u2013control study to examine the association between prenatal <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> exposure in young women (16\u201325 years of age) and gastroschisis in singleton offspring. Cases consisted of live births with gastroschisis, and controls had no major birth defects reported in their birth certificate. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR and aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 809 cases (95.6% were isolated cases) and 1,260,293 controls. <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> during pregnancy was reported in 4.5% of case and 3.6% control mothers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.21). Case mothers were significantly more likely to be younger (16\u201320 years of age) at the time of delivery compared to control mothers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). We found no significant association between <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection during pregnancy and gastroschisis (cOR\u2009=\u20091.24; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.89\u20131.73 and aOR\u2009=\u20091.06; 95% CI: 0.66\u20131.70).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the caveat of possible misclassification of exposure and outcome variables in birth certificate data, we found no significant association between prenatal exposure to <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> and gastroschisis in the offspring born to younger mothers. Future studies should refine measures by focusing on relevant risk period and biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T05:46:39Z","timestamp":1512020799000},"page":"429-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maternal <i>Chlamydia<\/i> infection during pregnancy among younger mothers and risk of gastroschisis in singleton offspring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Horslev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 N.","family":"Binongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijaya","family":"Kancherla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411426"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20749"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1993","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"834","article-title":"Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14\u201339 years \u2010 United States, 2007\u20132012","volume":"63","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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