{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:09:46Z","timestamp":1788952186669,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW009071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW009071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Most studies on risk factors of oral clefts have been carried out in developed countries. We investigated the associations between maternal exposures in the first trimester and oral clefts in South Vietnam.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a hospital\u2010based case\u2010control study during October 2014\u2010November 2015. Cases included 170 patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and those with cleft palate only. Controls were 170 children without oral clefts, matched to each case by age and gender. Mothers were interviewed using structured questionnaire. We performed conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive smoking was associated with increased risk of oral clefts in univariate analysis, but not in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.68; 95% CI, 0.53\u20135.37). No association was observed between liver intake and oral clefts. Compared with nondrinkers, mothers who reported consumption of caffeine\u2010containing beverages were more likely to have an infant with oral cleft (aOR\u2009=\u20095.89; 95% CI, 1.08\u201332.00). Periconceptional use of folic acid and multivitamins supplementation was associated with reduced risk of oral clefts (aOR\u2009=\u20090.01; 95% CI, 0.00\u20130.09 and aOR\u2009=\u20090.03; 95% CI, 0.01\u20130.13, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest no associations of maternal passive smoking or liver intake with oral clefts. Periconceptional use of folic acid or multivitamins may protect against oral clefts. Further studies are warranted to examine the roles of caffeine consumption in pregnant mothers on occurrence of oral clefts in offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T05:21:46Z","timestamp":1515648106000},"page":"527-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Maternal exposures and risk of oral clefts in South Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Vu H. A.","family":"Dien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy M.","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araya","family":"Pisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6628-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waranuch","family":"Pitiphat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, and Chronic Inflammatory and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.190910"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Exposure to second\u2010hand smoke and the risk of non\u2010syndromic oral cleft among Malay children in Kelantan","volume":"3","author":"Ayu A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9099-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000208476.36988.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 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