{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T22:15:24Z","timestamp":1758924924019,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo cryopreservation have become increasingly common in recent years. As utilization increases, it is important to understand the clinical effects these technologies have on offspring, as well as the mechanisms behind these effects. Many epidemiologic studies have observed that pregnancies following IVF are more likely to be affected by obstetric complications such as pre\u2010eclampsia, preterm birth, and small for gestational age neonates compared with naturally conceived pregnancies. There has been a great deal of research emerging suggesting that these differences are related to the supraphysiologic hormonal environment that results from ovarian superovulation. While pregnancies resulting from frozen embryo transfer are less likely to experience these complications, babies born after frozen transfer are more likely to be large for gestational age. Epigenetic studies point toward differential methylation of genes critical for growth that may be responsible for the increased incidence of larger neonates following transfer of vitrified embryos. Although it does appear that perinatal outcomes are improved by transferring frozen embryos instead of fresh, it would be premature at this time to recommend universal freeze\u2010all protocols in all patients. This article, as part of the \u201cIVF Reviews\u201d special issue of this journal, aims to expound on the issues outlined above.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T06:12:39Z","timestamp":1519884759000},"page":"625-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neonatal outcomes following fresh as compared to frozen\/thawed embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Van Heertum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center\/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Biology 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Weinerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center\/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Biology 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq125"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-052610-091920"},{"volume-title":"Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report","year":"2017","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention, American Society of Reproductive Medicine, & Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology","key":"e_1_2_5_5_1"},{"volume-title":"2008 Assisted Reproductive Technology Success Rates: National Summary and Fertility Clinic Reports","year":"2010","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-017-0318-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-7-99"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des386"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.091"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Oocyte, embryo and blastocyst cryopreservation in ART: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis comparing slow\u2010freezing versus vitrification to produce evidence for the development of global guidance","volume":"23","author":"Rienzi L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox067"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det272"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"CD011184","article-title":"Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction","volume":"3","author":"Wong K. 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