{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:15:00Z","timestamp":1767374100274,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study attempts to understand the complex contribution of biochemical (plasma homocysteine) and nutritional parameters (dietary pattern and folate supplementation) to the neural tube defects (NTDs) affected pregnancies and controls in North Indian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study design was adopted to assess the role of folic acid, dietary habits, and homocysteine in relation to NTD births. The subjects comprised of 130 mothers of affected children (cases) and 233 mothers of healthy children (controls), who were either carrying NTD fetus or gave birth to NTD child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean homocysteine levels were elevated in cases (15.71\u2009\u00b1\u20098.35 \u03bcmol\/L) as compared to controls (12.87\u2009\u00b1\u20095.95 \u03bcmol\/L) but were lower among the non\u2010vergetarians (13.55\u2009\u00b1\u20096.64 \u03bcmol\/L) than the vegetarians (14.78\u2009\u00b1\u20097.93 \u03bcmol\/L). Vegetarian dietary habit increased the NTD risk by 1.6 fold (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.0\u20132.7) while folic acid supplementation demonstrated a protective effect for conceptions (OR\u2009=\u20090.59; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.3\u20130.9). Consumption of folic acid with non\u2010vegetarian diet witnessed lowering of homocysteine in cases (12.88\u2009\u00b1\u20096.81 \u03bcmol\/L) and in controls (11.85\u2009\u00b1\u20095.54 \u03bcmol\/L), with an odds ratio depicting a 3.1 fold risk for consuming vegetarian diet without folic acid supplementation during the peri\u2010conceptional period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is suggested that plasma hyperhomocysteinemia bears negative impact on child\u2010bearing women group, of north Indian ancestry, in modulating the risk of NTDs. Efforts should be made to enhance awareness regarding folic acid and vitamin B12 (non\u2010vegetarian diet) supplementations alongwith proper nutritional intake among women, especially those consuming vegetarian diet to control homocysteine levels in order to reduce the risk of NTDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T16:03:55Z","timestamp":1534435435000},"page":"1148-1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Folic acid, dietary habits, and homocysteine levels in relation to neural tube defects: A case\u2013control study in North India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9405-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roumi","family":"Deb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University  Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ratika","family":"Samtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Anthropology Amity University  Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Saksena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Anthropology Amity University  Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noopur","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Anthropology Amity University  Noida India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aloke","family":"Kumar Kalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kallur","family":"Nava Saraswathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000170890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/21.3.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513591003632183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Nutrigenetic determinants of neural tube defects in India","volume":"46","author":"Godbole K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"577","article-title":"Neural tube defects and folic acid","volume":"41","author":"Gupta H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2014.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Occult cobalamin and folate deficiency in Indians","volume":"18","author":"Khanduri U.","year":"2005","journal-title":"National Medical Journal of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-005-0313-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-006-0223-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Maternal folate and vitamin b(12) status and neural tube defects in northern Iran: A case control study","volume":"20","author":"Mobasheri E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385855-9.00005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-014-0526-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650702800409"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1109620","article-title":"The levels of vitam\u0131n B12, folate and homocysteine in mothers and their babies with neural tube defects","volume":"29","author":"Peker E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal\u2010 Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Corelation between homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels: A post\u2010hoc analysis from Noreth\u2010West India","volume":"4","author":"Raina S. 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