{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:46:55Z","timestamp":1768096015670,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]],"date-time":"2018-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DD001035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DD001035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment in both inorganic and organic forms. Evidence from animal studies suggests that maternal inorganic arsenic may lead to the development of orofacial clefts (OFC)s in offspring. This evidence, together with the limited epidemiologic data available, supports the need for a comprehensive examination of major sources of arsenic exposure and OFCs in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using interview data collected in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, public and well water arsenic sampling data, and dietary arsenic estimates, we compared expert\u2010rater assessed occupational arsenic exposure, individual\u2010level exposure to arsenic through drinking water, and dietary arsenic exposure between mothers of OFC cases (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 435) and unaffected controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 1267). Associations for each source of exposure were estimated for cleft lip \u00b1 palate (CL\/P) and cleft palate (CP) using unconditional logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Associations for maternal drinking water arsenic exposure and CL\/P were near or below unity, whereas those for dietary arsenic exposure tended to be positive. For CP, positive associations were observed for maternal occupational arsenic and inorganic arsenic exposures, with confidence intervals that excluded the null value, whereas those for drinking water or dietary arsenic exposures tended to be near or below unity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive associations were observed for maternal occupational arsenic exposure and CP and for maternal dietary arsenic exposure and CL\/P; the remainder of associations estimated tended to be near or below unity. Given the exploratory nature of our study, the results should be interpreted cautiously, and continued research using improved exposure assessment methodologies is recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]],"date-time":"2018-10-27T11:48:11Z","timestamp":1540640891000},"page":"1455-1467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Maternal arsenic exposure and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Suhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Weyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Rhoads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Siega\u2010Riz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3780-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Ren\u00e9e Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trudy L.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6765-4963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter H.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Romitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00125-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for Arsenic","author":"ATSDR","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420100211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000214466.06076.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Testing of Bottled Waters Sold in Iowa","author":"Breuer G. M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420160303"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/83.1.157","article-title":"Element and radionuclide concentrations in food: FDA Total Diet Study 1991\u20101996","volume":"83","author":"Capar S. G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of AOAC International"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp226"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Risk of congenital anomalies in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators","volume":"61","author":"Cordier S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10 (Version 10.5)","author":"ESRI","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1971.10665901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32854"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1510437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mem045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/51.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1972.10666051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01606107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199811)34:5<431::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv279"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Arsenic in drinking\u2010water and reproductive health outcomes: a study of participants in the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Programme","volume":"24","author":"Kwok R. K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and oral clefts: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"82","author":"Little J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.523"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire\u2010food composition approach for estimating dietary intake of inorganic arsenic and methylmercury","volume":"6","author":"MacIntosh D. L.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420280311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(98)00053-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1979.tb01317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307894"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480548109066371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-100.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199701)31:1<36::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","volume-title":"SAS 9.4 (Version 9.4)","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00073-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9810655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200111000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199911)60:5<283::AID-TERA9>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","article-title":"Maternal occupational cadmium exposure and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts","author":"Suhl J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Birth Defects Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","volume-title":"USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference","author":"United States Department of Agriculture","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2001).Drinking water standard for arsenic fact sheet. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/nepis.epa.gov\/Exe\/ZyPdf.cgi?Dockey=20001XXC.txt."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","volume-title":"Total Diet Study Statistics on Element Results","author":"United States Food and Drug Administration","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","volume-title":"Total Diet Study Elements Results Summary Statistics \u2013 Market Baskets 2006 through 2013","author":"United States Food and Drug Administration","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","volume-title":"Analytical Methods Used in the Total Diet Study","author":"United States Food and Drug Administration","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1986.tb02701.x","article-title":"Environmental and occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic","volume":"59","author":"Vahter M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)03057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(96)00131-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt324"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/116.S1.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.589"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdr2.1386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.1386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bdr2.1386","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.1386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T20:46:59Z","timestamp":1720730819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.1386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.1386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.1386","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}