{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:16:15Z","timestamp":1772082975807,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher prevalence of selected birth defects has been reported among American Indian\/Alaska Native (AI\/AN) newborns. We examine whether known risk factors for birth defects explain the higher prevalence observed for selected birth defects among this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 12 population\u2010based birth defects surveillance systems, covering a birth population of 11 million from 1999 to 2007, were used to examine prevalence of birth defects that have previously been reported to have elevated prevalence among AI\/ANs. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated for non\u2010Hispanic AI\/ANs and any AI\/ANs (regardless of Hispanic ethnicity), adjusting for maternal age, education, diabetes, and smoking, as well as type of case\u2010finding ascertainment surveillance system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjustment, the birth prevalence of two of seven birth defects remained significantly elevated among AI\/ANs compared to non\u2010Hispanic whites (NHWs): anotia\/microtia was almost threefold higher, and cleft lip +\/\u2212 cleft palate was almost 70% higher compared to NHWs. Excluding AI\/AN subjects who were also Hispanic had only a negligible impact on adjusted PRs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Additional covariates accounted for some of the elevated birth defect prevalences among AI\/ANs compared to NHWs. Exclusion of Hispanic ethnicity from the AI\/AN category had little impact on birth defects prevalences in AI\/ANs. NHWs serve as a viable comparison group for analysis. Birth defects among AI\/ANs require additional scrutiny to identify modifiable risk and protective factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T04:24:52Z","timestamp":1541564692000},"page":"1412-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Study of selected birth defects among American Indian\/Alaska Native population: A multi\u2010state population\u2010based retrospective study, 1999\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Marengo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Department of Health Services  Phoeniz Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Ethen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell S.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Health University of South Florida  Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4702-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Birth Defects Registry Michigan Department of Community Health  Lansing Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program  Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of American Indian Physicians Formerly Oklahoma Area Tribal Epidemiology Center and Southern Plains Tribal Health Board  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Del","family":"Yazzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navajo Epidemiology Center Navajo Nation Department of Health  Window Rock Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7300-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara T.","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Microtia in New Mexico: Evidence for multifactorial causation","volume":"13","author":"Aase J. 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