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Ambulatory surveillance programs and wearable fetal heart rate monitors may afford early identification of evolving fetal heart block allowing for emergent treatment. There is also preliminary data suggesting a roll for prevention of CCHB with hydroxychloroquine, but the efficacy and safety is still being studied. To date, intrauterine fetal pacing has not been successful due to the high\u2010risk invasive placement techniques and potential problems with lead dislodgement. The development of a fully implantable micropacemaker via a minimally invasive approach has the potential to pace fetal patients with CCHB and thus delay delivery and allow fetal hydrops to resolve. The challenge remains to establish accepted prenatal interventions capable of successfully managing CCHB in utero until postnatal pacemaker placement is successfully achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T15:32:08Z","timestamp":1551454328000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital complete heart block"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3155-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay D.","family":"Pruetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Division of Pediatric Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine of USC  Los Angeles 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