{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:30:54Z","timestamp":1792150254912,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extraction and processing of copper and cobalt in the African Copperbelt in the Democratic Republic of Congo have led to substantial environmental pollution, causing concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, including birth defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Cases<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report three neonates with clinically diagnosed holoprosencephaly who were part of a case\u2013control study performed in Lubumbashi between February 2013 and February 2015. One mother had a high concentration of uranium in urine, and high manganese concentrations were found in blood of another mother and in cord blood of one infant. Two of the three fathers had a mining\u2010related job.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesize that these cases of holoprosencephaly were connected to mining\u2010related pollution, possibly via epigenetic alterations induced by paternal occupational exposure to toxic metals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T13:33:01Z","timestamp":1565962381000},"page":"1561-1563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Holoprosencephaly: A case series from an area with high mining\u2010related pollution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8059-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Kayembe\u2010Kitenge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Toxicology and Environment, School of Public Health University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi DR Congo"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital University of Malemba\u2010Nkulu  Malemba\u2010Nkulu DR Congo"},{"name":"Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Kasole Lubala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi DR Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Musa Obadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Toxicology and Environment, School of Public Health University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi DR Congo"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital University of Malemba\u2010Nkulu  Malemba\u2010Nkulu DR Congo"},{"name":"Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Katoto Chimusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Catholic University of Bukavu  Bukavu DR Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Katshiez Nawej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Kolwezi  Kolwezi DR Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lestin","family":"Banza Lubaba Nkulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Toxicology and Environment, School of Public Health University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi DR Congo"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital University of Malemba\u2010Nkulu  Malemba\u2010Nkulu DR Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koenraad","family":"Devriendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Nemery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32832925cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.04.012"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","article-title":"Holoprosencephaly","volume":"2","author":"Dubourg C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Congenital malformations and trace metals: A case\u2010control study from Lubumbashi, DR Congo (abstract)","volume":"22","author":"Kayembe Kitenge T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62414-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Solomon B. D. Gropman A. &Muenke M.(2016). Holoprosencephaly overview. InGeneReviews\u00ae. University of Washington Seattle. Retrieved fromwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20301702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2009.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Yager T. R.(2014). The mineral industry of Congo (Kinshasa). U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook 2012 v. III. Area reports: International \u2010 Africa and the Middle East. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/country\/africa.html#cg"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdr2.1583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.1583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bdr2.1583","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.1583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T12:57:55Z","timestamp":1694177875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.1583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.1583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.1583","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}