{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:35:01Z","timestamp":1747146901078,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006087","name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU50DD000018\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU50DD000018\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>North Carolina's Infant\u2010Toddler Program (NC ITP) provides Early Intervention (EI) services from birth to age three for children at risk for developmental delays. This study examined referral patterns by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics among infants with birth defects and infants born extremely preterm (gestational age\u2009<\u200927\u2009weeks) or extremely low birthweight (<1,000\u2009g).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A retrospective cohort of North Carolina resident births from 2012 to 2014 was matched to data from the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program and NC ITP records. A total of 2,463 infants with eligible birth defects and 2,118 extremely preterm or low birthweight infants were identified. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze differences in referral by sociodemographic and clinical factors. Referrals resulting in enrollment were also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>About 70% of infants with eligible birth defects and 85% of extremely premature infants were referred to the NC ITP. Geographic region, maternal race\/ethnicity, maternal and infant enrollment in Medicaid, and hospital level of care at delivery were associated with referral among both at\u2010risk groups. Among infants with birth defects, maternal age, education, and marital status were also associated with referral, as well as gestational age, birthweight, and the presence of multiple anomalies. Of the infants with referrals, over 80% in each group were subsequently enrolled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Many of the sociodemographic and clinical factors examined were associated with EI referral. These findings can be used to address coverage gaps and improve referral and enrollment rates for at\u2010risk infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T04:54:27Z","timestamp":1567659267000},"page":"1408-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of referral to the North Carolina Infant\u2010Toddler Program among infants with birth defects and infants born extremely preterm or low birthweight"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina E.","family":"Forestieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, Division of Public Health North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Van Buren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, Division of Public Health North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Raleigh North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara D.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Intervention Branch, Women's and Children's Health Section, Division of Public Health North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, Division of Public Health North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Raleigh North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0227-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-199907000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0080-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0820-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Herrick H.(2001).An investigation of the characteristics of mothers and their very low birth weight babies referred to North Carolina's Infant Toddler Program(SCHS Studies No. 127). Raleigh NC: N.C. Dept of Health and Human Services Division of Public Health State Center for Health Statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Herrick H. &Farel A.(1995).Statewide coverage of very low birthweight infants and teenage mothers (less than 15\u2009years of age) in North Carolina's Child Service Coordination Program: 1991 and 1993(CHES Studies No. 94). Raleigh NC: NC Dept of Environment Health and Natural Resources State Center for Health and Environmental Statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0014402915585563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1255G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer R. E.(1998).Child Service Coordination Program coverage for infants with spina bifida(Statistical Brief No. 16). Raleigh NC: NC Dept of Health and Human Services Division of Epidemiology State Center for Health Statistics.","DOI":"10.1037\/e407712008-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"North Carolina Infant\u2010Toddler Program. (2018). NC Early Intervention Program annual performance report: 2016 FFY. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/beearly.nc.gov\/data\/files\/pdf\/APR2016graphic.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics. (2018). Statistics and reports: Vital statistics. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/schs.dph.ncdhhs.gov\/data\/vital.cfm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"North Carolina State Data Center. (2018). The urban and rural faces of North Carolina. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/files.nc.gov\/ncosbm\/documents\/files\/2018ACSNC.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1662"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"State of New Jersey Department of Health Birth Defects Registry. (2017). Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.nj.gov\/health\/fhs\/bdr\/about.shtml"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2017.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Education. (2017).39thannual report to congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 2017. 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