{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:50Z","timestamp":1786977110553,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this report, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) examines and compares gastroschisis and omphalocele for a recent 5\u2010year birth cohort using data from 30 population\u2010based birth defect surveillance programs in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a special call for data for the 2019 NBDPN Annual Report, state programs reported expanded data on gastroschisis and omphalocele for birth years 2012\u20132016. We estimated the overall prevalence (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each defect as well as by maternal race\/ethnicity, maternal age, infant sex, and case ascertainment methodology utilized by the program (active vs. passive). We also compared distribution of cases by maternal and infant factors and presence\/absence of other birth defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence estimates (per 10,000 live births) were 4.3 (95% CI: 4.1\u20134.4) for gastroschisis and 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0\u20132.2) for omphalocele. Gastroschisis was more frequent among young mothers (&lt;25\u2009years) and omphalocele more common among older mothers (&gt;40\u2009years). Mothers of infants with gastroschisis were more likely to be underweight\/normal weight prior to pregnancy and mothers of infants with omphalocele more likely to be overweight\/obese. Omphalocele was twice as likely as gastroschisis to co\u2010occur with other birth defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report highlights important differences between gastroschisis and omphalocele. These differences indicate the importance of distinguishing between these defects in epidemiologic assessments. The report also provides additional data on co\u2010occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele with other birth defects. This information can provide a basis for future research to better understand these defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T06:49:01Z","timestamp":1571813341000},"page":"1436-1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Population\u2010based birth defects data in the United States, 2012\u20132016: A focus on abdominal wall defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-1410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin B.","family":"Stallings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities  Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Carter Consulting, Incorporated  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Isenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyiesha D.","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities  Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education  Oak Ridge Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9217-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Heinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell S.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of South Florida  Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Romitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Liberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina E.","family":"Forestieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services  Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy N.","family":"Nembhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention  Little Rock Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Sandidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Department of Public Health  Springfield Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Nestoridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason L.","family":"Salemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Birth Defect Network, Division of Family Health and Preparedness Utah Department of Health  Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstan","family":"Duckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Department of Health  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda M.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Arizona Department of Health Services  Phoenix Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System Arkansas Children's Research Institute  Little Rock Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Child Health and Early Intervention Services, New Jersey Department of Health  Trenton New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0978-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology\u2010Oncology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02551-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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