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For instance, non\u2010Hispanic (NH) Black mothers are more likely to have an infant with encephalocele, although less likely to have an infant with anotia\/microtia compared to NH Whites. When stratifying by nativity and years lived within the United States, additional variations become apparent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study were used to calculate descriptive statistics and estimate crude\/adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) among NH Blacks with one of 30 major defects and non\u2010malformed controls. Total case\/controls were as follows: U.S.\u2010 (2,773\/1101); Foreign\u2010 (343\/151); African\u2010born (161\/64). Study participants were also examined by number of years lived in the U.S. (\u22645 vs. 6+ years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to U.S.\u2010born, foreign\u2010born NH Black controls tended to be older, had more years of education, and were more likely to have a higher household income. They also had fewer previous livebirths and were less likely to be obese. In the adjusted analyses, two defect groups were significantly attenuated: limb deficiencies, aORs\/95%CIs = (0.44 [0.20\u20130.97]) and septal defects (0.69 [0.48\u20130.99]). After stratifying by years lived in the United States, the risk for hydrocephaly (2.43 [1.03\u20135.74]) became apparent among those having lived 6+ years in the United States. When restricting to African\u2010born mothers, none of the findings were statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Foreign\u2010born NH Blacks were at a reduced risk for a few selected defects. Results were consistent after restricting to African\u2010born mothers and did not change considerably when stratifying by years lived in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T12:08:37Z","timestamp":1583410117000},"page":"535-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Acculturation and selected birth defects among non\u2010Hispanic Blacks in a population\u2010based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1605-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne T.","family":"Hoyt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance University of Houston Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tunu","family":"Ramadhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Human Services Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimi T.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlie J.","family":"Shumate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9025-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela E.","family":"Scheuerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Birth Defects Prevention Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.064980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.035964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-016-0151-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316653182"},{"volume-title":"A rising share of the U.S. black population is foreign born","year":"2015","author":"Anderson M.","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800417748759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.141473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10472-004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2019.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Anencephaly and spina bifida among Hispanics: maternal, sociodemographic, and acculturation factors in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study","volume":"85","author":"Canfield M. 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