{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:28:19Z","timestamp":1793042899340,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Bo Hjelt Foundation for Spina Bifida in memory of Madeleine Hjelt."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periconception interactions between maternal conditions and environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis and prevention of neural tube defects (NTD), such as spina bifida. These factors have in common that they can impair the oxidative pathway, resulting in excessive (chronic) oxidative stress and inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Review of the literature concerning underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of aging particularly during reproduction. A number of molecular markers for biological aging have been identified, including telomere length (TL). Excessive telomere shortening is an index of senescence, causes genomic instability and is associated with a higher risk of age\u2010related diseases. Furthermore, TL shortening is associated with the similar environmental and lifestyle exposures associated with NTD risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embryonic mice deficient in the telomerase gene show shorter TL and failure of closure of the neural tube as the main defect, suggesting that this developmental process is among the most sensitive to telomere loss and chromosomal instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From this background, we hypothesize that preconceptional long term exposure to harmful environmental and lifestyle risk factors accelerates a woman's aging process, which can be measured by TL, and thereby her underlying risk of NTD offspring. Alternatively, it might be that women with an increased NTD risk already exhibit a more advanced biological age before the onset of pregnancy compared to women of identical calendar age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T08:14:50Z","timestamp":1588407290000},"page":"645-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Preconception telomere length as a novel maternal biomarker to assess the risk of spina bifida in the offspring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiat","family":"Aoulad Fares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schalekamp\u2010Timmermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim S.","family":"Nawrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Hasselt University  Hasselt Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health &amp; Primary Care Leuven University  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gine P. M.","family":"Steegers\u2010Theunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0964-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Fetal therapy: Scientific basis and critical appraisal of clinical benefits","author":"Eggink A. 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