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Exposure data were from maternal telephone interviews, which included a food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated from logistic regression models that included nutritional factors as continuous variables and were adjusted for maternal energy intake, race\u2013ethnicity, parity, and vitamin supplement intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the semi\u2010Bayes hierarchical model that included all nutrients and confounders, riboflavin was the only nutrient for which the 95% CI excluded 1.0; the aOR for a 1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> increase was 0.83. The aORs were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69\u20130.91) for the one\u2010carbon metabolism pathway score, 0.90 (95% CI 0.80\u20131.01) for oxidative stress, and 0.85 (95% CI 0.77\u20130.93) for diet quality (the aORs correspond to a 1 <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> increase).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings from this study provide some support for the hypothesis that better prepregnancy nutrition is associated with reduced risk for CDH. These results provide etiologic clues but should be interpreted with caution given the novelty of the investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T14:22:24Z","timestamp":1596464544000},"page":"1475-1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and maternal dietary nutrient pathways and diet quality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan L.","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0574-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja A.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Brunelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Nestoridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia L.","family":"Feldkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Birth Defects Prevention Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2473-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00572-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/35394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"888","article-title":"Incidence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the young of rats bred on a diet deficient in vitamin A","volume":"62","author":"Anderson D. 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