{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T09:13:16Z","timestamp":1770455596768,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006087","name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6NU50DD004947\u201004\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6NU50DD004947\u201004\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid use has reached historically high levels across the United States and infants exposed during pregnancy are at risk of developing a drug withdrawal syndrome called neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The prevalence of birth defects among Illinois infants exhibiting NAS has not been estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We linked birth certificate data for Illinois\u2010resident infants born in Illinois in 2015 or 2016 to previously collected NAS and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Reporting System birth defect data. We examined the prevalence of selected specific birth defects and of newborn infants with one or more of the National Birth Defects Prevention Network's (NBDPN) birth defects, comparing infants with and without NAS. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio for having one or more NBDPN birth defects in infants with and without NAS, after adjusting for other risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 302,043 Illinois\u2010resident births, 899 (3.0\/1,000 live births) had NAS, and 4,250 (140.7\/10,000 live births) had one or more NBDPN birth defect. Infants with an NBDPN birth defect were 1.9 (95% CI [1.3, 2.9]) times more likely to have developed NAS at delivery, and specifically, there was a higher prevalence of ventricular septal defect, club foot, and oral cleft, among infants with NAS when compared to those born without.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated prevalence rates and odds ratios add to the growing evidence of an association between NAS and birth defects. Other studies have found similar associations between opioid exposure and the birth defects identified in this analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T17:30:37Z","timestamp":1600968637000},"page":"134-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of birth defects among infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome in Illinois, 2015\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Fornoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Department of Public Health  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Sandidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Department of Public Health  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019 August 28).Opioid overdose opioid basics. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. (2019).19\u2010MCH\u201001 neonatal abstinence syndrome standardized case definition. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/ps\/2019ps\/19-MCH-01_NAS_updated_5.7.19.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Illinois Department of Public Health. (2019a).Data snapshot: Opioid poisoning deaths among Illinois women of reproductive age. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.dph.illinois.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/opioid-deaths-among-women-repro-age.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Illinois Department of Public Health. (2019b March 31).Neonatal abstinence syndrome advisory committee final report to the general assembly. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.dph.illinois.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/nas\u2010annual\u2010report\u2010march\u20102019.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6807a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"National Birth Defects Prevention Network. (2020 January 3).Appendix 3.1 birth defects descriptions for NBDPN core recommended and extend conditions. Updated March 2017 https:\/\/www.nbdpn.org\/docs\/Appendix_3_1_BirthDefectsDescriptions_2017MAR24.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Opioid overdose crisis","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Dramatic increases in maternal opioid use and neonatal abstinence syndrome","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Opioids, brief description","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6802a2"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births resulting from assisted reproductive technology: Comparing birth certificate and National ART Surveillance System data, 2011","volume":"63","author":"Thoma M. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491312800308"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.1792","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bdr2.1792","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.1792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T19:16:22Z","timestamp":1693768582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.1792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.1792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.1792","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}