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Within the last decade, studies have implicated specific epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs as additional facets of OFC etiology. Altered gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modification offer novel insights into how specific genes contribute to distinct OFC subtypes. Epigenetics research has also provided further evidence that cleft lip only (CLO) is a cleft subtype with distinct etiology. Polymorphisms or misexpression of genes encoding microRNAs, as well as their targets, contribute to OFC risk. The ability to experimentally manipulate epigenetic changes and noncoding RNAs in animal models, such as zebrafish, <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>, mice, and rats, has offered novel insights into the mechanisms of various OFC subtypes. Although much remains to be understood, recent advancements in our understanding of OFC etiology may advise future strategies of research and preventive care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T07:53:39Z","timestamp":1600329219000},"page":"1635-1659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Role of epigenetics and <scp>miRNAs<\/scp> in orofacial clefts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Garland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of California at Davis, School of Medicine  Sacramento California USA"},{"name":"Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children University of California at Davis, School 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