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Adverse prenatal and neonatal conditions and exposures can impair or alter ANS development and, as a result, may also impact long\u2010term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this article is to provide a broad overview of the impact of factors that are known to influence autonomic development during the fetal and early neonatal period, including maternal mood and stress during and after pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, congenital heart disease, toxic exposures, and preterm birth. We touch briefly on the typical development of the ANS, then delve into both in\u2010utero and ex\u2010utero maternal and fetal factors that may impact developmental trajectory of the ANS and, thus, have implications in transition and in long\u2010term developmental outcomes. While many types of exposures and conditions have been shown to impact development of the autonomic nervous system, there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms underlying these influences. In the future, more advanced neuromonitoring tools will be required to better understand autonomic development and its influence on long\u2010term neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological function, especially during the fetal period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T16:35:36Z","timestamp":1607013336000},"page":"845-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Exposures influencing the developing central autonomic nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6735-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah D.","family":"Schlatterer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Prenatal Pediatrics Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"George Washington University School of Health Sciences Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adre J.","family":"du Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Prenatal Pediatrics Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"George Washington University School of Health Sciences Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN2003_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1639339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12744"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1310193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-02-00519.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68735-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199811000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.594121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.54.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00098-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2019.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"e106","article-title":"Infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking in Chile","volume":"41","author":"Cerda J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(87)90017-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420120079030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(92)90111-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.142695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.794214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.2.323"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"H276","article-title":"Effects of fetal anemia on PO2 difference between uterine venous and umbilical venous blood","volume":"260","author":"Darby M. 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