{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:59:34Z","timestamp":1788321574789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lithium chloride (LiCl) is widely used for the treatment of manic and other psychotic disorders, but the administration of lithium can result in several congenital defects in the fetus, including cleft palate (Meng, Wang, Torensma, Jw &amp; Bian, 2015) (Szabo, 1970). However, the mechanism of Lithium's action as a developmental toxicant in palatogenesis is not well known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, hematoxylin\u2010eosin and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the phenotypes and the expression of related markers in the LiCl\u2010treated mice model. The palatal mesenchymal cells were cultured in vitro, and stimulated with LiCl or SKL2000, and co\u2010treated with CASIN. \u03b2\u2010catenin protein and other cytoskeleton associated markers were evaluated by Western blotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that Lithium disrupted palate elevation by increasing the expression of \u03b2\u2010catenin in C57BL\/6J mice with the high incidence of cleft palate (62.5%). LiCl disturbed the F\u2010actin responsible for cytoskeletal remodeling in mesenchymal cells, which proved to be essential in generating the elevating force during palatal elevation. Additionally, our Western blotting analysis revealed that the overexpression of \u03b2\u2010catenin resulted in up\u2010regulation of <jats:italic>Cdc42<\/jats:italic>, which mediated the downstream F\u2010actin synthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We concluded the LiCl\u2010induced \u03b2\u2010catenin overexpression delayed murine palatal shelf elevation by disturbing <jats:italic>Cdc42<\/jats:italic> mediated F\u2010actin cytoskeleton synthesis in the palatal mesenchyme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:45:50Z","timestamp":1607647550000},"page":"427-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lithium\u2010induced overexpression of \u03b2\u2010catenin delays murine palatal shelf elevation by Cdc\u201042 mediated F\u2010actin remodeling in mesenchymal cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010long","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu 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