{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T16:40:41Z","timestamp":1751474441294,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature infants contribute to infant morbidity and mortality especially in low resource settings. Information on tocolytic and\/or anti\u2010inflammatory effects of several plant extracts, such as citral, could help prevent preterm birth cases and reduce the number of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro tocolytic and anti\u2010inflammatory effect of citral on myometrial tissues of the human uterus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myometrial samples from uteri obtained after hysterectomy were used in functional tests to evaluate the inhibitory effect of citral on PGF\u20102\u03b1 induced contractions. The intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels generated in response to citral in human myometrial homogenates were measured by ELISAs. Forskolin was used as a positive control. The anti\u2010inflammatory effect of citral was determined through the measurement of two pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) and interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, and the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u201010, in human myometrial explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citral was able to induce a significant inhibition of PGF\u20102\u03b1 induced contractions at the highest concentration level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Citral caused a concentration\u2010dependent increase in myometrial cAMP levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) and a concentration\u2010dependent decrease in LPS\u2010induced TNF\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 production, while IL\u201010 production increased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The anti\u2010inflammatory and tocolytic effects induced by citral could be associated with an increase in cAMP levels in human myometrial samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These properties place citral as a potentially safe and effective adjuvant agent in preterm birth cases, an obstetric and gynecological problem that requires urgent attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T08:53:17Z","timestamp":1611391997000},"page":"613-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vitro effects of citral on the human myometrium: Potential adjunct therapy to prevent preterm births"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor 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