{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:13:23Z","timestamp":1790745203149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaping products continue to remain popular among teens and young adults despite an overall lack of research regarding their potential health effects. While much research focuses on respiratory effects associated with electronic cigarette use, their effects on other systems, including embryonic cardiovascular function and development due to maternal use during pregnancy, also needs to be evaluated. Here, we assessed the impact of nicotine\u2010free, cinnamon and chocolate flavored, electronic cigarette vapor on cardiovascular function during early development by exposing wild\u2010type zebrafish embryos to electronic cigarette vapor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vapor was produced from a second\u2010generation style vape pen and was incorporated into dechlorinated water at 0.6, 12, and 25\u2009puffs\/L, where one puff equals 55\u2009ml of vapor. Vapor infused water was distributed among flasks to which zebrafish embryos were added. Exposures lasted for 24\u2009hours and cardiovascular videos were recorded. Videos were analyzed and end systolic volume, end diastolic volume, stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, red blood cell density, and arterial and venous blood vessel diameters were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, it was found that embryonic exposure to nicotine free, cinnamon, and not chocolate, flavored electronic cigarette vapor at 25\u2009puffs\/L significantly decreased all cardiovascular parameters measured, with the exception of blood vessel diameter. No significant effect on any measured parameter was observed at 0.6 or 12\u2009puffs\/L with either flavor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that cinnamon flavored electronic cigarette vapor can affect cardiovascular function during early development, even in the absence of nicotine, particularly at elevated exposure concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:46:32Z","timestamp":1630935992000},"page":"1215-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cardiovascular function during early development is suppressed by cinnamon flavored, nicotine\u2010free, electronic cigarette vapor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6067-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Piechowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Integrated Bioscience, Department of Biology The University of Akron  Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Bagatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Integrated Bioscience, Department of Biology The University of Akron  Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1472-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415198a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1312-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd3020013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1313631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019 October 24 2019).Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use of e\u2010cigarette or vaping products.Smoking & Tobacco Use. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e\u2010cigarettes\/severe\u2010lung\u2010disease.html#what\u2010we\u2010dont\u2010know"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10062500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States. (2020 March 2020).Safety and regulatory authority to use flavors: Focus on vaping products. 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