{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T08:09:42Z","timestamp":1783152582372,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent case reports described three cases of holoprosencephaly (HPE) in the area with high mining\u2010related pollution of the southern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We reported two male neonates with clinically diagnosed HPE in the localities of Fizi and Kitutu, two mineral areas in the Eastern region of the same country (DRC), where artisanal surface mining is predominant with high exposure to radiation and heavy metals from mining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Cases' presentations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two newborns from adult and multigravida mothers without pregnancy complication. The birth weights were 3,200\u2009g and 2,500\u2009g, respectively, and the malformations noticed were essentially the single median eye, the absent nose, polydactyly for one case, and proboscis for the other case. They both died a few minutes later after birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiologic factors of HPE remain unknown but seem to be multifactorial from both genetic and environmental factors. We hypothesize under reserve for these two cases that mining and radiation expositions were likely potential environmental associated factors to the occurrence of these malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T04:30:10Z","timestamp":1631593810000},"page":"1333-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Alobar holoprosencephaly in mining\u2010related areas of the Eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Paterne Safari","family":"Mudekereza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu  Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Catholic University of Bukavu  Bukavu Democratic Republic of the 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Hospital of Bukavu  Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germain Mudumbi","family":"Zabadayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Catholic University of Bukavu  Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu  Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Munguakonkwa","family":"Budema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu  Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Catholic University of Bukavu  Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Birindwa","family":"Balungwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngology Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu  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