{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:03:44Z","timestamp":1792224224481,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with congenital anomalies have poorer intellectual and cognitive development compared to their peers, but evidence for academic achievement using objective measures is lacking. We aimed to summarize and synthesize evidence on academic outcomes and special education needs (SEN) of school\u2010aged children born with selected major structural congenital anomalies. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Natural Science and Education Collections), reference lists and citations for 1990\u20132020 were systematically searched. We included original\u2010research articles on academic achievement in children with non\u2010syndromic congenital anomalies that involved school test results, standardized tests and\/or SEN data. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses were performed to estimate pooled mean test scores in mathematics and\/or reading where possible and pooled odds ratios (ORs) for SEN in children with severe congenital heart defects (CHDs) and children with orofacial clefts (OFCs). Thirty\u2010nine eligible studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021,066 children) were synthesized narratively. Sixteen studies were included in meta\u2010analyses. Children with non\u2010syndromic congenital anomalies were at a higher risk of academic underachievement than controls across school levels. Children with severe CHD (pooled OR\u00a0=\u00a02.32, 95% CI: 1.90, 2.82), and children with OFC (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.38 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.57), OR\u00a0=\u00a03.07 (95% CI: 2.65, 3.56), and OR\u00a0=\u00a03.96 (95% CI: 3.31, 4.72) for children with cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft lip\/palate, respectively) had significantly higher ORs for SEN than controls. Children with non\u2010syndromic congenital anomalies underperform academically and have higher SEN rates compared to their peers. Early monitoring and development of differential SEN are important to promote academic progress in these children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T14:31:47Z","timestamp":1634826707000},"page":"1431-1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Academic achievement and needs of school\u2010aged children born with selected congenital anomalies: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana V.","family":"Glinianaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Moffat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekka","family":"Shenfine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Armaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research University of Ferrara  Ferrara Emilia\u2010Romagna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-200403000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194060390020601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114000031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1998)035<0127:LDSAAG>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/15-185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-172.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"EUROCAT Guide 1.4: Instruction for the registration of congenital anomalies (Last update version 20\/12\/2016)","author":"EUROCAT","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"EUROCAT Guide 1.4: Instruction for the registration of congenital anomalies (Last update version 20\/12\/2016)","author":"EUROCAT","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Spinal lesion level in spina bifida: A source of neural and cognitive heterogeneity","volume":"102","author":"Fletcher J. 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