{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:31:13Z","timestamp":1792600273053,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brownfields are a multitude of abandoned and disused sites, spanning many former purposes. Brownfields represent a heterogenous yet ubiquitous exposure for many Americans, which may contain hazardous wastes and represent urban blight. Neonates and pregnant individuals are often sensitive to subtle environmental exposures. We evaluate whether residential brownfield exposure is associated with birth defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using North Carolina birth records from 2003 to 2015, we sampled 753,195 births with 39,495 defects identified. We examined defect groups and 30 distinct phenotypes. Number of brownfields within 2,000\u2009m of the residential address at birth was summed. We utilized mixed effects multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and environmental covariates available from birth records, 2010 Census, and EPA's Environmental Quality Index to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed positive associations between cardiovascular and external defect groups (OR [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.02\u20131.13] and 1.17 [1.01\u20131.35], respectively) and any brownfield exposure. We also observed positive associations with atrial septal and ventricular septal defects (1.08 [1.01\u20131.16] and 1.15 [1.03\u20131.28], respectively), congenital cataracts (1.38 [0.98\u20131.96]), and an inverse association with gastroschisis (0.74 [0.58\u20130.94]). Effect estimates for several additional defects were positive, though we observed null associations for most group and individual defects. Additional analyses indicated an exposure\u2013response relationship for several defects across levels of brownfield exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that residential proximity to brownfields is associated with birth defects, especially cardiovascular and external defects. In\u2010depth analyses of individual defects and specific contaminants or brownfield sites may reveal additional novel associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T08:13:18Z","timestamp":1645258398000},"page":"197-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A cross\u2010sectional study of brownfields and birth defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8269-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik D.","family":"Slawsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Associated Universities at the US Environmental Protection Agency  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP  North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Luben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP  North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9939-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Rappazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP  North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-6-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-012-0817-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeled exposure to tetrachloroethylene\u2010contaminated drinking water and the occurrence of birth defects: A case\u2010control study from Massachusetts and Rhode Island","volume":"17","author":"Aschengrau A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1984.10545873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000259986.85239.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"CDC. 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