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ONH disruptions can spread to pituitary, SPD disruptions to the cerebral cortex, causing schizencephaly and related anomalies. Pituitary defects are rare without ONH, and cortical findings are rare without SPD. Extensions are unidirectional, so isolated pituitary or cortical defects are separate from SOD. Micro\u2010 an\u2010 ophthalmia, a suggested ONH variant, is not part of SOD. Disruption by\u2010products can affect development, causing cognitive and endocrine issues, and structural anomalies such as corpus callosum thinning, ventriculomegaly, and hippocampal and olfactory findings. Limbic extensions may also contribute to the same structural defects as by\u2010products. Midline CNS developmental anomalies can act as disruptive foci, most likely through vascular variants, but have separate pathogenesis. Relative frequencies of specific pituitary hormone defects change as SOD rates increase. Increasing relative rates of midline CNS developmental defects and cortical anomalies are consistent with rising levels of exogenous exposures sensitizing to midline predispositions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T12:28:51Z","timestamp":1665059331000},"page":"1343-1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Delineating septo\u2010optic dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Lubinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Necker University Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9recht\u00e9","family":"Encha\u2010Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal and Placental Pathology Necker University Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2015-103476"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073817707300"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0470"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1070282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.171.1.2928524"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-010-0225-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Septo\u2010optic dysplasia","volume":"16","author":"Benson J. 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