{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:32:26Z","timestamp":1786977146140,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few risk factors have been identified for nonsyndromic anotia\/microtia (A\/M).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained data on cases and a reference population of all livebirths in Texas for 1999\u20132014 from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) and Texas vital records. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for A\/M (any, isolated, nonisolated, unilateral, and bilateral) using Poisson regression. We evaluated trends in prevalence rates using Joinpoint regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 1,322 cases, of whom 982 (74.3%) had isolated and 1,175 (88.9%) had unilateral A\/M. Prevalence was increased among males (PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2\u20131.4), offspring of women with less than high school education (PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1\u20131.5), diabetes (PR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.6\u20132.4), or age 30\u201339 versus 20\u201329\u2009years (PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0\u20131.3). The prevalence was decreased among offspring of non\u2010Hispanic Black versus White women (PR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4\u20130.8) but increased among offspring of Hispanic women (PR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.5\u20133.4) and non\u2010Hispanic women of other races (PR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3\u20132.3). We observed similar results among cases with isolated and unilateral A\/M. Sex disparities were not evident for nonisolated or bilateral phenotypes, nor did birth prevalence differ between offspring of non\u2010Hispanic Black and non\u2010Hispanic White women. Maternal diabetes was more strongly associated with nonisolated (PR: 4.5, 95% CI: 3.2\u20136.4) and bilateral A\/M (PR: 5.0, 95% CI: 3.3\u20137.7). Crude prevalence rates increased throughout the study period (annual percent change: 1.82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified differences in the prevalence of nonsyndromic A\/M by maternal race\/ethnicity, education, and age, which may be indicators of unidentified social\/environmental risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T02:39:58Z","timestamp":1668739198000},"page":"67-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors associated with nonsyndromic anotia and microtia, Texas, 1999\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Schraw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata H.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics &amp; Environmental Sciences UTHealth School of Public Health  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Shumate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics Cook Children's Medical Center  Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. J.","family":"Agopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics &amp; Environmental Sciences UTHealth School of Public Health  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0978-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01700-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000004885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2014.302098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/15.3.364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.028"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Association between nondisjunction and maternal age in meiosis\u2010II human oocytes","volume":"59","author":"Dailey T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in fertility and mother's age at first birth among rural and metropolitan counties: United States, 2007\u20132017","volume":"323","author":"Ely D. 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