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VPA recognized as a teratogenic chemical can cause severe birth defects mainly affecting the brain and spinal cord when administered during pregnancy. However, the potential mechanisms of developmental toxicity are still less studied, and in the present study, the influence of VPA exposure was evaluated on zebrafish early\u2010life stages. Zebrafish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of sodium valproate (SV) (0.06\u2009mM and 0.15\u2009mM) from 24\u2009hours post\u2010fertilization (hpf) to 96\u2009hpf and the SV teratogenic potential was investigated through morphometric analysis of zebrafish larvae combined with the evaluation of cartilage profile. Moreover, the effect of SV on the transcription level of <jats:italic>pparg<\/jats:italic> was also performed. The results of the study showed the teratogenic potential of SV, which disrupts the morphometric signature of the head and body. The marked distortion of cartilage structures was paralleled to a malformation of telencephalon and optic tectum in both concentrations suggesting a high teratogen effect of SV on the brain. These data were further confirmed by the increased expression of <jats:italic>pparg<\/jats:italic> in the zebrafish head. Overall, the present study confirms the teratogenic activity of SV in the zebrafish model and, for the first time, points out the potential protective role of <jats:italic>pparg<\/jats:italic> in the SV dose\u2010dependent toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T11:42:03Z","timestamp":1676374923000},"page":"658-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sodium valproate exposure influences the expression of <i>pparg<\/i> in the zebrafish model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Carmine","family":"Merola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo  Teramo 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