{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:00:16Z","timestamp":1789650016731,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on new testing, we re\u2010assess U.S. EPA and California OEHHA conclusions regarding male reproductive toxicity associated with cyanide exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literature identified by ATSDR, ECETOC and EPA was complemented by studies conducted after 2006. Relevant studies were scored for quality using ToxRTool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven pertinent animal investigations were identified; five with quality scores of 1 were evaluated in\u2010depth. The NTP 13\u2010week drinking water study of NaCN in rats reported significantly decreased water intakes and reduced cauda epididymal weights; altered sperm parameters occurred in high\u2010dose rats. When compared to contemporaneous historical control data (HCD), the mean cauda epididymal weights of cyanide\u2010treated rats in the NTP study were within HCD, whereas control weights exceeded HCD. A new 13\u2010week drinking water study used the same design with additional features (individually caged rats, \u201cpaired water\u201d controls, thyroid hormone determinations, post\u2010treatment recovery) and found a smaller decrease in water consumption (11% versus 18% at 300\u2009ppm) and no treatment\u2010related changes in male reproductive measures. Although thyroid\/parathyroid weights were increased at 300\u2009ppm, histopathology and thyroid hormone levels were unaffected. The remaining high\u2010quality cyanide studies reported no adverse findings in male reproductive organs. Unconfounded sperm measures were not adversely affected in any quality 1 studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in the male reproductive system reported after cyanide exposure in the NTP study were not reproducible, unlikely to be treatment\u2010related, and should not be used as the sole basis for human health assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T04:24:26Z","timestamp":1676607866000},"page":"687-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Revisiting the testicular toxicity of cyanide: Assessment of the new and existing literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy Lavin","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc.  Alexandria Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"DeSesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc.  Alexandria Virginia USA"},{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Effect of chronic noise or water restriction on weight of body and organs in the rat","volume":"39","year":"1983","journal-title":"Revista Espanola De Fisiologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Toxicological profile for cyanide","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Blank T. L. &Thake D. C.(1984).Three\u2010month inhalation toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin in male and female Sprague\u2010Dawley rats. Monsanto Company. Report No. MSL\u20104423. December 28 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"ECETOC (European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals). (2007).Hydrogen cyanide sodium and potassium cyanides and acetone cyanohydrin(CAS No. 74\u201390\u20108 143\u201333\u20109 151\u201350\u20108 and 75\u201386\u20105). JACC (Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals). 53 Vols I and II."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Ninety\u2010day oral toxicity study of copper cyanide (CuCN) in Sprague\u2010Dawley rats","author":"Gerhart J. M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Ninety\u2010day oral toxicity study of copper silver cyanide [KAg(CN)2] in Sprague\u2010Dawley rats","author":"Gerhart J. 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