{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T09:15:27Z","timestamp":1768814127053,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are shown to have an association with maternal diabetes mellitus. The Bahraini population has a high prevalence of diabetes 16.3% thus putting it at increased risk of developing CHDs in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Describing the prevalence of CHDs in IDM in the Kingdom of Bahrain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective clinical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study took place from January 1998 to January 2020. A history was recorded for all patients who were referred to the only tertiary cardiac center in Bahrain for echocardiography. Data was recorded on an Excel Sheet for analysis. A cardiac anatomy survey was conducted by an experienced pediatric cardiologist for each patient and the defects were categorized into acyanotic and cyanotic lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five thousand five hundred sixty\u2010nine patients were referred for cardiac echocardiography. Three thousand two hundred fifty\u2010six patients were diagnosed with CHDs, 2,987 were non\u2010IDM whereas 269 were IDM. Patients diagnosed with non\u2010structural defects were excluded. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was identified in 744 patients and was more likely to occur in non\u2010IDM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a0.005). Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was identified in 35 patients and was more likely to occur in IDM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Transposition of the great arteries (TGAs) was identified in 80 patients and was more likely to occur in IDM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value .002). Double inlet left ventricle (DILV), Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HPLHS), and Other Uni\u2010Ventricular Hearts were all more likely to occur in IDM with <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values\u2009&lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed significant association between fetal exposure to diabetes and the development of ASD, HOCM, TGA, DILV, HPLHS, and Other Uni\u2010Ventricular Hearts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T09:15:15Z","timestamp":1678871715000},"page":"764-769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Maternal diabetes as a teratogenic factor for congenital heart defects in infants of diabetic mothers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2279-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal Waheed","family":"Aloqab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland\u2010Bahrain Medical University (RCSI MUB)  Busaiteen Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ramzi","family":"Almajed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland\u2010Bahrain Medical University (RCSI MUB)  Busaiteen Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6073-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Arif","family":"Binsanad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland\u2010Bahrain Medical University (RCSI MUB)  Busaiteen Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saud Rashid","family":"Al Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland\u2010Bahrain Medical University (RCSI MUB)  Busaiteen Bahrain"},{"name":"Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al\u2010Khalifa Cardiac Centre Bahrain Defense Force Hospital  Awali Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neale Nicola","family":"Kalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland\u2010Bahrain Medical University (RCSI MUB)  Busaiteen Bahrain"},{"name":"Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al\u2010Khalifa Cardiac Centre Bahrain Defense Force Hospital  Awali Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain","volume":"42","author":"Agarwal A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bahrain Med Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Bahrain News Agency. (2019).Ministry launches diabetes awareness event. [cited August 15 2020]. Available at:https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/en\/Ministrylaunchesdiabetesawarenessevent.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDufFJNSgw5dgjW1fPsjKMcw%3D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958405"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and outdoor formaldehyde and risk of congenital heart malformations","volume":"41","author":"Dulskiene V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina44110104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-010-3244-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.627224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/compreped-8432"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"664","article-title":"Cardiac malformations in fetuses of gestational and pre gestational diabetic mothers","volume":"23","author":"Tabib A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199905000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Williams R. Colagiuri S. Almutairi R. Montoya P. Basit A. Besancon S. \u2026 Zhang P.(2019).IDF diabetes atlas. International Diabetes Atlas UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X1997001200005"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.2166","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bdr2.2166","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.2166","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T04:15:37Z","timestamp":1692677737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.2166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.2166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.2166","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}