{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:24:30Z","timestamp":1792167870333,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6NUE1EH001349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6NUE1EH001349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined risk for developmental disabilities in preschool\u2010aged children with a congenital heart defect (CHD) at the population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Statewide birth, birth defects, and preschool developmental disability records were integrated. The final sample included 1,966,585 children (51.0% male). Children were grouped by type(s) of CHD: critical CHD, noncritical CHD, atrial septal defect, or no major birth defects (groups were mutually exclusive).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with a CHD (any type) were at increased risk for developmental disability (any type) (RR 2.08, 95% CI 2.03\u20132.14,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Children in the critical CHD, noncritical CHD, and atrial septal defect groups were at increased risk for developmental delay, intellectual disability, language impairment, other health impairment, and any disability. Children in the atrial septal defect group were at increased risk for autism spectrum disorder and speech impairment. For all CHD groups, risk was greatest for other health impairment and intellectual disability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased risk for developmental disabilities was identified for children with less severe CHDs as well as for children with more severe (critical) CHDs. All children with CHDs should be closely monitored so that appropriate interventions can be initiated as early as possible to maximize learning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T04:53:52Z","timestamp":1694148832000},"page":"1708-1722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Elevated risk for developmental disabilities in children with congenital heart defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8812-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Delgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Ullery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"},{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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